breastbone

　

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1. 胸骨

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/08/19 14:53:52」(JST)

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This article is about the vertebrate sternum in general. For other uses, see Human sternum and Sternum (arthropod anatomy).

The sternum or breastbone, in vertebrate anatomy, is a flat bone that lies in in the middle front part of the rib cage. It is endochondral in origin . It probably first evolved in early tetrapods as an extension of the pectoral girdle; it is not found in fish. In amphibians and reptiles it is typically a shield-shaped structure, often composed entirely of cartilage. It is absent in both turtles and snakes. In birds it is a relatively large bone and typically bears an enormous projecting keel to which the flight muscles are attached. Only in mammals does the sternum take on the elongated, segmented form seen in humans. In some mammals, such as opossums, the individual segments never fuse and remain separated by cartilagenous plates throughout life.

References

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English Journal

• Visual-aided directions are superior to verbal instruction only in obtaining hand position for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

• Secher N, Grove EL, Adelborg K, Lofgren B.SourceDepartment of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus, Denmark.
• The American journal of emergency medicine.Am J Emerg Med.2010 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print]
• OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to test if instruction without visual directions is sufficient to obtain the recommended hand position for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).METHOD: Group A (n = 12) was verbally instructed to "place the heel of the hand in the center of the chest." Group B (n =
• PMID 20934828

• The effect of using whole wheat grain in the diet of game pheasants on their body weight, dimensions and development of some internal organs.

• Kokoszy?ski D, Bernacki Z, Cisowska A.SourceDepartment of Poultry Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland. kokoszynski@utp.edu.pl
• Folia biologica.Folia Biol (Krakow).2010;58(1-2):101-6.
• The supplementation of game pheasant diet from 5 weeks of age with 30% whole wheat grain instead of feed mixture did not significantly affect their body weight nor most body dimensions. Female and male pheasants fed a diet containing wheat grain had smaller body and trunk lengths, greater chest circ
• PMID 20420203

Japanese Journal

• 1145 ヒト肩関節を規範としたロボット関節機構の肩甲骨の構成(J04-3 生物の運動機能/バイオミメティクスとバイオメカニクス/バイオロボティクスとバイオメカトロニクス(3),J04 生物の運動機能/バイオミメティクスとバイオメカニクス/バイオロボティクスとバイオメカトロニクス)

• 坂井 伸朗,山口 剛,澤江 義則,村上 輝夫
• 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting 2007(6), 129-130, 2007-09-07
• … The scapula part was stabilized by the clavicle part in which the proximal joint of the clavicle part was connected to the breastbone position. …
• NAID 110007084821

Related Links

• Sternum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The sternum or breastbone, in vertebrate anatomy, is a flat bone. It probably first evolved in early tetrapods as an extension of the pectoral girdle; it is not found in fish. In amphibians and reptiles it is typically a shield-shaped ...

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