For other uses, see Blackbuck (disambiguation).
| Blackbuck |
|
| A blackbuck at the Blackbuck National Park in Gujarat, India |
| Conservation status |
|
Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)[1]
|
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Animalia |
| Phylum: |
Chordata |
| Class: |
Mammalia |
| Order: |
Artiodactyla |
| Family: |
Bovidae |
| Genus: |
Antilope |
| Species: |
A. cervicapra |
| Binomial name |
Antilope cervicapra
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
| Subspecies |
|
A. c. cervicapra
A. c. rajputanae
|
The blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) is an ungulate species of antelope native to the Indian subcontinent that has been classified as near threatened by IUCN since 2003, as its range has decreased sharply during the 20th century. The native population is stable, with an estimated 50,000 individuals as of 2001.[1]
The blackbuck is the only living species of the genus Antilope.[2][3] Its generic name stems from the Latin word antalopus, a horned animal.[4] The specific name cervicapra is composed of the Latin words capra, she-goat and cervus, deer.[5]
Contents
- 1 Characteristics
- 2 Distribution and habitat
- 3 Ecology and behaviour
- 4 Threats
- 5 Conservation
- 6 In culture
- 7 References
- 8 External links
Characteristics
Male and female blackbucks
Blackbucks generally resemble gazelle, found on the Arabian peninsula. Blackbucks are slender with a head-to-body length of about 120 cm (47 in). They are about 73.7 to 83.8 cm (29.0 to 33.0 in) high at the shoulder.[3] Males are larger than females. Adult males range in weight from 34 to 45 kg (75 to 99 lb); females weigh 31 to 39 kg (68 to 86 lb).[6] The tail is short and compressed. Both sexes are white on the belly, around the eyes and on the inside of the legs. They differ in the coloration of the head and back. Female and young blackbucks are yellowish-fawn coloured on the back and on the outside of the limbs; the lower parts are white. The two colours are sharply divided by a distinct pale lateral band. Old male bucks are blackish brown on the back, on the sides and front of the neck. They become almost black with age, only the nape remains brownish rufous, and the pale lateral band disappears. Only males have horns that are diverging, cylindrical, spiral, and ringed throughout. The rings are closer together near the skull. The turns of the spiral vary from less than 3 to 5.[2] Horns are 45.6–68.5 cm (18.0–27.0 in) long.[3]
Albinism in blackbuck is rare and caused by the lack of the pigment melanin. Wildlife experts say the biggest problem with these albinos is they are singled out by predators and hunted.[citation needed]
Distribution and habitat
Antelope jumping in Hyderabad
In the 19th century, blackbucks ranged in open plains from the base of the Himalayas to the neighbourhood of Cape Comorin, and from the Punjab to Lower Assam. They were abundant in the North-Western Provinces, Rajputana, parts of the Deccan, and on the plains near the coast of Orissa and Lower Bengal. Herds occasionally comprised several thousand animals of both sexes and all ages.[2]
Today, the blackbuck population is confined to areas in Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, with a few small pockets in central India. They occur in several protected areas of India including:[7]
- Velavadar National Park – is home to a large population estimated at 1500 individuals in the mid-1990s.[8]
- Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary
- Tal Chhapar Sanctuary
- National Chambal Sanctuary
- Keoladeo National Park
- Ranebennur Wildlife Sanctuary
- Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary
- Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary
- Gir Forest National Park[9]
- Guindy National Park[10]
- Ranthambhore National Park[11]
- Sorsan Blackbuck Conservation Reserve, Baran, Rajasthan[citation needed]
- Shergarh Sanctuary, Baran, Rajasthan[citation needed]
In Nepal, the last surviving population of blackbuck is found in the Blackbuck Conservation Area south of the Bardia National Park. In 2008, the population was estimated at 184.[12]
In Pakistan, blackbucks are irregular vagrants moving along the border areas with India. They are kept in enclosures in the Lal Suhanra National Park for possible reintroduction. They are considered extinct in Bangladesh.[7]
Two subspecies are recognized:[13]
- A. c. cervicapra (nominate subspecies)
- A. c. rajputanae
Blackbucks were introduced to Argentina and the USA. These populations numbered about 43,600 individuals at the turn of the century.[7]
Ecology and behaviour
Blackbuck fleeing at Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India
Blackbucks generally live on open plains and open woodlands in herds of 5 to 50 animals with one dominant male. They are very fast. Speeds of more than 80 km/h (50 mph) have been recorded.[3]
They are primarily grazers and avoid forested areas. They require water every day and may move long distances in search of water and forage in summer. Usually, they feed during the day. Their diet consists mostly of grasses, but they have occasionally been observed browsing on acacia trees in the Cholistan Desert.[7] In the Velavadar National Park, they were observed feeding on pods of Prosopis juliflora during seasonal lows in forage quality.[8]
Their chief predator was the now extinct Asiatic cheetah.[14] Currently, wolves are the main predators of both fawns and adults. Fawns are also hunted by jackals. Village dogs are reported to kill fawns but are unlikely to successfully hunt and kill adults.[6]
The maximum life span recorded is 16 years and the average is 12 years.[citation needed]
Threats
Royalty hunting blackbuck with Asiatic cheetah in South Gujarat, 1812
The main threats to the species are poaching, predation, habitat destruction, overgrazing, diseases, inbreeding and sanctuary visitors.
Large herds once roamed freely on the plains of North India, where they thrived best. During the 18th, 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, blackbuck was the most hunted wild animal all over India. Until India's independence in 1947, many princely states hunted this antelope and Indian gazelle, the chinkara, with specially trained captive Asiatic cheetahs. (Asiatic cheetahs became extinct in the 1960s.) It once was one of the most abundant hoofed mammals in the Indian Subcontinent, so much so that as late as early 1900s, naturalist Richard Lydekker mentioned herds of hundreds in his writings. Today, only small herds are seen, largely inside reserves. The chief cause of their decline is excessive hunting.[15] Though the royal sport had ended, farmers of the expanding areas of cultivation saw it as crop-raider, further leading to its decline. Eventually, when in the 1970s, several areas reported their extinction, it was listed as a protected animal under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.[16] The blackbuck is hunted for its flesh and its skin. Although Indian law strictly prohibits the hunting of these endangered animals, occasional incidents of poaching still occur. The remaining populations are under threat from inbreeding. The natural habitat of the blackbuck is being encroached upon by man's need for arable land and grazing ground for domesticated cattle. Exposure to domesticated cattle also exposes them to bovine diseases.
It's protected status has gained publicity through a widely reported court case, in which one of India's leading film stars, Salman Khan, was sentenced to five years imprisonment for killing two blackbucks and several endangered chinkaras, in some protected area. The court case was prompted by intense protests from the Bishnoi ethnic group, which holds animals and trees sacred, and on whose land the hunting had taken place. Salman Khan was also in trouble for driving his Land Cruiser and crashing it into two men, during the early 2000s.
In another notorious incident of criminal poaching, Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi also killed a blackbuck,[1] and then absconded as a fugitive. He finally surrendered only when the case was transferred from the criminal court to a special environment court, where he would face lighter sentencing.
Conservation
Male and female in Hyderabad, India
In India, hunting of blackbucks is prohibited under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.[1] Blackbucks can be seen in zoos.[17]
Blackbucks are protected in
- Bardia National Park, Bardia, Nepal
- Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary, Punjab
- Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu
- Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary, Gujarat
- Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh
- Kirthar National Park, Pakistan (kept in enclosures for possible reintroduction)[citation needed]
- Jayamangali Blackbuck Reserve, Karnataka
- Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park, Andhra Pradesh
- Rehakuri Sanctuary, Maharashtra
- Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu
- Vallanad Blackbuck Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu[18]
They are also found in open areas near Dindori, Madhya Pradesh at Karopani Black Buck Conservation Area, which is located about 15 km from Dindori and also near Koppal in Koppal District about 15 km from its headquarters. In Balaghat lane, Kolar Gold Field black bucks are found in unprotected area.
Black bucks in balaghat lane KGF
In culture
Painting of Akbar hunting blackbucks with trained Asiatic cheetahs in Akbarnama
The blackbuck is known by various names such as pulvaai, thirugumaan, velimaan, kadamaan, iralai, karinchikedai and murugumaan in Tamil. It is also known as Krishna Mruga in Kannada and as Krishna Jinka in Telugu, it has been declared as the state animal of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Other local names for the species include Krishnasar in Bengali, Kala Hiran, Sasin, Iralai Maan, and Kalveet in Marathi.[19] It is often simply called Indian antelope, though this term might also be used for other Antilopinae from the region.
The skin of Krishna Mrugam plays an important role in Hinduism, and Brahmin boys are traditionally required to wear a strip of unleathered hide after performing Upanayanam. According to the Hindu mythology blackbuck or Krishna Jinka is considered as the vehicle (vahana) of the Moon-god Chandrama. According to the Garuda Purana of Hindu mythology, Krishna Jinka bestows prosperity in the areas where they live.
References
- ^ a b c Mallon, D. P. (2008). "Antilope cervicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature.
- ^ a b c Blanford, W. T. (1888–1891). The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. Taylor and Francis, London.
- ^ a b c d Nowak, R. M. (1999). Blackbuck. Pages 1193–1194 in: Walker's Mammals of the World. Volume 1. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA and London, UK.
- ^ Palmer, T. S.; Merriam, C. H. (1904). Antilope in: Index generum mammalium : a list of the genera and families of mammals. Government Printing Office, Washington.
- ^ Palmer, T. S.; Merriam, C. H. (1904). Capra in: Index generum mammalium : a list of the genera and families of mammals. Government Printing Office, Washington.
- ^ a b Ranjitsinh, M. K. (1989). The Indian Blackbuck. Natraj Publishers, Dehradun.
- ^ a b c d Mallon, D. P., Kingswood, S. C. (compilers) (2001). Antelopes: Global Survey and Regional Action Plans, Volume 4. IUCN. p. 184. ISBN 2-8317-0594-0.
- ^ a b Jhala, Y. V. (1997). Seasonal effects on the nutritional ecology of blackbuck Antelope cervicapra. Journal of Applied Ecology 34: 1348–1358.
- ^ Singh, H. S., Gibson, L. (2011). "A conservation success story in the otherwise dire megafauna extinction crisis: The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) of Gir forest". Biological Conservation 144 (5): 1753–1757. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.02.009.
- ^ Isvaran, K. (2007). Intraspecific variation in group size in the blackbuck antelope: the roles of habitat structure and forage at different spatial scales. Oecologia 154(2): 435–444.
- ^ Bagchi, S., Goyal, S. P., Sankar, K. (2003). Habitat separation among ungulates in dry tropical forests of Ranthambhore National Park, Rajasthan. Tropical Ecology 44 (2): 175–182.
- ^ Bhatta, S. R. (2008). People and Blackbuck: Current Management Challenges and Opportunities. The Initiation 2 (1): 17–21.
- ^ Grubb, P. (2005). "Order Artiodactyla". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 678. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ Gee, E. P. (1969). The wildlife of India. Collins, London.
- ^ Burton, M.; R. Burton (2002). International Wildlife Encyclopedia (Volume 9). Marshall Cavendish. p. 226. ISBN 0-7614-7266-5.
- ^ Luna, R.K. (May 25, 2002). "Black bucks of Abohar". The Tribune.
- ^ Walther, F. R.; Mungall, E. C.; Grau, G. A. (1983). Gazelles and their relatives: a study in territorial behavior. William Andrew. p. 74. ISBN 0-8155-0928-6.
- ^ Steps Taken to Save Blackbucks the Hindu, Chinnai, 2011-1-6
- ^ "After Black bucks, leopards to be bred in captivity". Business Line. Nov 18, 2008.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Antilope cervicapra. |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Antilope cervicapra |
- Ultimate Ungulate: Antilope cervicapra
- BBC Nature: Blackbuck
- Ratish Naroor Photography: Images of Blackbuck
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Extant Artiodactyla species
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- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Mammalia
- Infraclass: Eutheria
- Superorder: Laurasiatheria
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Suborder Ruminantia
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| Antilocapridae |
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| Giraffidae |
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Okapia
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Giraffa
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- Giraffe (G. camelopardalis)
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| Moschidae |
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Moschus
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- Anhui musk deer (M. anhuiensis)
- Dwarf musk deer (M. berezovskii)
- Alpine musk deer (M. chrysogaster)
- Kashmir musk deer (M. cupreus)
- Black musk deer (M. fuscus)
- Himalayan musk deer (M. leucogaster)
- Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)
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| Tragulidae |
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Hyemoschus
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- Water chevrotain (H. aquaticus)
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Moschiola
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- Indian spotted chevrotain (M. indica)
- Yellow-striped chevrotain (M. kathygre)
- Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (M. meminna)
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Tragulus
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- Java mouse-deer (T. javanicus)
- Lesser mouse-deer (T. kanchil)
- Greater mouse-deer (T. napu)
- Philippine mouse-deer (T. nigricans)
- Vietnam mouse-deer (T. versicolor)
- Williamson's mouse-deer (T. williamsoni)
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| Cervidae |
Large family listed below
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| Bovidae |
Large family listed below
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Family Cervidae
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| Cervinae |
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Muntiacus
|
- Indian muntjac (M. muntjak)
- Reeves's muntjac (M. reevesi)
- Hairy-fronted muntjac (M. crinifrons)
- Fea's muntjac (M. feae)
- Bornean yellow muntjac (M. atherodes)
- Roosevelt's muntjac (M. rooseveltorum)
- Gongshan muntjac (M. gongshanensis)
- Giant muntjac (M. vuquangensis)
- Truong Son muntjac (M. truongsonensis)
- Leaf muntjac (M. putaoensis)
- Sumatran muntjac (M. montanus)
- Pu Hoat muntjac (M. puhoatensis)
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|
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Elaphodus
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- Tufted deer (E. cephalophus)
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Dama
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- Fallow deer (D. dama)
- Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)
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Axis
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Rucervus
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- Barasingha (R. duvaucelii)
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Panolia
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Elaphurus
|
- Père David's deer (E. davidianus)
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Hyelaphus
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- Hog deer (H. porcinus)
- Calamian deer (H. calamianensis)
- Bawean deer (H. kuhlii)
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Rusa
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- Sambar deer (R. unicolor)
- Rusa deer (R. timorensis)
- Philippine sambar (R. mariannus)
- Philippine spotted deer (R. alfredi)
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Cervus
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- Red deer (C. elaphus)
- Elk (C. canadensis)
- Thorold's deer (C. albirostris)
- Sika deer (C. nippon)
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| Capreolinae |
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Alces
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Hydropotes
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Capreolus
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- Roe deer (C. capreolus)
- Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus)
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Rangifer
|
- Caribou (R. tarandus)
- Reindeer (R. tarandus)
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Hippocamelus
|
- Taruca (H. antisensis)
- South Andean deer (H. bisulcus)
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Mazama
|
- Red brocket (M. americana)
- Small red brocket (M. bororo)
- Merida brocket (M. bricenii)
- Dwarf brocket (M. chunyi)
- Gray brocket (M. gouazoubira)
- Pygmy brocket (M. nana)
- Amazonian brown brocket (M. nemorivaga)
- Yucatan brown brocket (M. pandora)
- Little red brocket (M. rufina)
- Central American red brocket (M. temama)
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Ozotoceros
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- Pampas deer (O. bezoarticus)
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Blastocerus
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- Marsh deer (B. dichotomus)
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Pudu
|
- Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)
- Pudú (P. pudu)
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Odocoileus
|
- White-tailed deer (O. virginianus)
- Mule deer (O. hemionus)
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Family Bovidae
|
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| Cephalophinae |
|
Cephalophus
|
- Abbott's duiker (C. spadix)
- Aders' duiker (C. adersi)
- Bay duiker (C. dorsalis)
- Black duiker (C. niger)
- Black-fronted duiker (C. nigrifrons)
- Brooke's duiker (C. brookei)
- Harvey's duiker (C. harveyi)
- Jentink's duiker (C. jentinki)
- Ogilby's duiker (C. ogilbyi)
- Peters's duiker (C. callipygus)
- Red-flanked duiker (C. rufilatus)
- Red forest duiker (C. natalensis)
- Ruwenzori duiker (C. rubidis)
- Weyns's duiker (C. weynsi)
- White-bellied duiker (C. leucogaster)
- White-legged duiker (C. crusalbum)
- Yellow-backed duiker (C. Sylvicultor)
- Zebra duiker (C. zebra)
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Philantomba
|
- Blue duiker (P. monticola)
- Maxwell's duiker (P. maxwellii)
- Walter's duiker (P. walteri)
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Sylvicapra
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- Common duiker (S. grimmia)
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| Hippotraginae |
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Hippotragus
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- Roan antelope (H. equinus)
- Sable antelope (H. niger)
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Oryx
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- East African oryx (O. beisa)
- Scimitar oryx (O. dammah)
- Gemsbok (O. gazella)
- Arabian oryx (O. leucoryx)
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Addax
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| Reduncinae |
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Kobus
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- Upemba lechwe (K. anselli)
- Waterbuck (K. ellipsiprymnus)
- Kob (K. kob)
- Lechwe (K. leche)
- Nile lechwe (K. megaceros)
- Puku (K. vardonii)
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Redunca
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- Southern reedbuck (R. arundinum)
- Mountain reedbuck (R. fulvorufula)
- Bohor reedbuck (R. redunca)
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| Aepycerotinae |
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| Peleinae |
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Pelea
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- Grey rhebok (P. capreolus)
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| Alcelaphinae |
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Beatragus
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Damaliscus
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- Topi (D. korrigum)
- Common tsessebe (D. lunatus)
- Bontebok (D. pygargus)
- Bangweulu tsessebe (D. superstes)
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Alcelaphus
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- Hartebeest (A. buselaphus)
- Red hartebeest (A. caama)
- Lichtenstein's hartebeest (A. lichtensteinii)
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Connochaetes
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- Black wildebeest (C. gnou)
- Blue wildebeest (C. taurinus)
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| Pantholopinae |
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Pantholops
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- Tibetan antelope (P. hodgsonii)
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| Caprinae |
Large subfamily listed below
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| Bovinae |
Large subfamily listed below
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| Antilopinae |
Large subfamily listed below
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Family Bovidae (subfamily Caprinae)
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Ammotragus
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- Barbary sheep (A. lervia)
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Budorcas
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Capra
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- Wild goat (C. aegagrus)
- West Caucasian tur (C. caucasia)
- East Caucasian tur (C. cylindricornis)
- Markhor (C. falconeri)
- Alpine ibex (C. ibex)
- Nubian ibex (C. nubiana)
- Spanish ibex (C. pyrenaica)
- Siberian ibex (C. sibirica)
- Walia ibex (C. walie)
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Capricornis
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- Japanese serow (C. crispus)
- Taiwan serow (C. swinhoei)
- Sumatran serow (C. sumatraensis)
- Mainland serow (C. milneedwardsii)
- Red serow (C. rubidusi)
- Himalayan serow (C. thar)
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Hemitragus
|
- Nilgiri tahr (H. hylocrius)
- Arabian tahr (H. jayakari)
- Himalayan tahr (H. jemlahicus)
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Naemorhedus
|
- Red goral (N. baileyi)
- Long-tailed goral (N. caudatus)
- Himalayan goral (N. goral)
- Chinese goral (N. griseus)
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Oreamnos
|
- Mountain goat (O. americanus)
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Ovibos
|
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Ovis
|
- Argali (O. ammon)
- Domestic sheep (O. aries)
- Bighorn sheep (O. canadensis)
- Dall sheep (O. dalli)
- Mouflon (O. musimon)
- Snow sheep (O. nivicola)
- Urial (O. orientalis)
|
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Pseudois
|
- Bharal (P. nayaur)
- Dwarf blue sheep (P. schaeferi)
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Rupicapra
|
- Pyrenean chamois (R. pyrenaica)
- Chamois (R. rupicapra)
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Family Bovidae (subfamily Bovinae)
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| Boselaphini |
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Tetracerus
|
- Four-horned antelope (T. quadricornis)
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Boselaphus
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| Bovini |
|
Bubalus
|
- Water buffalo (B. bubalis)
- Wild Water Buffalo (B. arnee)
- Lowland anoa (B. depressicornis)
- Mountain anoa (B. quarlesi)
- Tamaraw (B. mindorensis)
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Bos
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- Banteng (B. javanicus)
- Gaur (B. gaurus)
- Gayal (B. frontalis)
- Yak (B. mutus)
- Cattle (B. taurus)
- Kouprey (B. sauveli)
- Zebu (B. indicus)
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Pseudonovibos
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Pseudoryx
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Syncerus
|
- African buffalo (S. caffer)
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Bison
|
- American bison (B. bison)
- Wisent (B. bonasus)
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| Strepsicerotini |
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Tragelaphus
(including kudus)
|
- Sitatunga (T. spekeii)
- Nyala (T. angasii)
- Kéwel (T. scriptus)
- Imbabala (T. sylvaticus)
- Mountain nyala (T. buxtoni)
- Lesser kudu (T. imberbis)
- Greater kudu (T. strepsiceros)
- Bongo (T. eurycerus)
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Taurotragus
|
- Common eland (T. oryx)
- Giant eland (T. derbianus)
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|
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Family Bovidae (subfamily Antilopinae)
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| Antilopini |
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Ammodorcas
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Antidorcas
|
- Springbok (A. marsupialis)
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Antilope
|
- Blackbuck (A. cervicapra)
|
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Eudorcas
|
- Mongalla gazelle (E. albonotata)
- Red-fronted gazelle (E. rufifrons)
- Thomson's gazelle (E. thomsonii)
|
|
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Gazella
|
- Mountain gazelle (G. gazella)
- Neumann's gazelle (G. erlangeri)
- Speke's gazelle (G. spekei)
- Dorcas gazelle (G. dorcas)
- Chinkara (G. bennettii)
- Cuvier's gazelle (G. cuvieri)
- Rhim gazelle (G. leptoceros)
- Goitered gazelle (G. subgutturosa)
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Litocranius
|
|
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Nanger
|
- Dama gazelle (N. dama)
- Grant's gazelle (N. granti)
- Soemmerring's gazelle (N. soemmerringii)
|
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Procapra
|
- Mongolian gazelle (P. gutturosa)
- Goa (P. picticaudata)
- Przewalski's gazelle (P. przewalskii)
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| Saigini |
|
Pantholops
|
- Tibetan antelope (P. hodgsonii)
|
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Saiga
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- Saiga antelope (S. tatarica)
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| Neotragini |
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Dorcatragus
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Madoqua
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- Günther's dik-dik (M. guentheri)
- Kirk's dik-dik (M. kirkii)
- Silver dik-dik (M. piacentinii)
- Salt's dik-dik (M. saltiana)
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Neotragus
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- Bates's pygmy antelope (N. batesi)
- Suni (N. moschatus)
- Royal antelope (N. pygmaeus)
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Oreotragus
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- Klipspringer (O. oreotragus)
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Ourebia
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Raphicerus
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- Steenbok (R. campestris)
- Cape grysbok (R. melanotis)
- Sharpe's grysbok (R. sharpei)
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Suborder Suina
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| Suidae |
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Babyrousa
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- Buru babirusa (B. babyrussa)
- North Sulawesi babirusa (B. celebensis)
- Togian babirusa (B. togeanensis)
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Hylochoerus
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- Giant forest hog (H. meinertzhageni)
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Phacochoerus
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- Desert warthog (P. aethiopicus)
- Warthog (P. africanus)
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Porcula
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Potamochoerus
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- Bushpig (P. larvatus)
- Red river hog (P. porcus)
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Sus
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- Palawan bearded pig (S. ahoenobarbus)
- Bornean bearded pig (S. barbatus)
- Indo-chinese warty pig (S. bucculentus)
- Visayan warty pig (S. cebifrons)
- Celebes warty pig (S. celebensis)
- Flores warty pig (S. heureni)
- Oliver's warty pig (S. oliveri)
- Philippine warty pig (S. philippensis)
- Wild boar (S. scrofa)
- Timor warty pig (S. timoriensis)
- Javan warty pig (S. verrucosus)
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| Tayassuidae |
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Tayassu
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- White-lipped peccary (T. pecari)
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Catagonus
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- Chacoan peccary (C. wagneri)
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Pecari
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- Collared peccary (P. tajacu)
- Giant peccary (P. maximus)
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Suborder Tylopoda
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Camelidae
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Lama
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- Llama (L. glama)
- Guanaco (L. guanicoe)
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Vicugna
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- Vicuña (V. vicugna)
- Alpaca (V. pacos)
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Camelus
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- Dromedary (C. dromedarius)
- Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus)
- Wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus)
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Cetartiodactyla (unranked clade, higher than Artiodactyla)
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Hippopotamidae
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Hippopotamus
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- Hippopotamus (H. amphibius)
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Choeropsis
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- Pygmy hippopotamus (C. liberiensis)
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