ビウレット
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/03/18 19:16:33」(JST)
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See also: Biuret test
Biuret |
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IUPAC name
2-Imidodicarbonic diamide
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Other names
Carbamylurea, imidodicarbonic diamide, allophanamide
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Identifiers |
CAS number |
108-19-0 Y |
ChemSpider |
7625 Y |
KEGG |
C06555 Y |
ChEBI |
CHEBI:18138 Y |
Jmol-3D images |
Image 1 |
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InChI=1S/C2H5N3O2/c3-1(6)5-2(4)7/h(H5,3,4,5,6,7) Y
Key: OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
InChI=1/C2H5N3O2/c3-1(6)5-2(4)7/h(H5,3,4,5,6,7)
Key: OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYAK
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Properties |
Molecular formula |
C2H5N3O2 |
Molar mass |
103.08 g mol−1 |
Melting point |
186–189 °C (decomposes)
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Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
Infobox references |
Biuret is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2NC(O)NHC(O)NH2. It is the result of condensation of two molecules of urea and is a problematic impurity in urea-based fertilizers. This white solid is soluble in hot water.[1]
The term "biuret" also describes a family of organic compounds with the functional group -(HN-CO-)2N-. Thus dimethyl biuret is CH3HN-CO-NR'-CO-NHCH3. A variety of organic derivatives are possible.
Contents
- 1 Biuret test
- 2 Preparation
- 3 Applications
- 4 Related compounds
- 5 References
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Biuret test
The biuret test is a chemical test for proteins and polypeptides. It is based on the biuret reagent, a blue solution that turns violet upon contact with proteins, or any substance with peptide bonds. The test and reagent do not actually contain biuret; they are so named because both biuret and proteins have the same response to the test.
Preparation
The parent compound can be prepared by heating urea above the melting point at which temperature ammonia is expelled:[2]
- 2 CO(NH2)2 → H2N-CO-NH-CO-NH2 + NH3 ↑
In general, organic biurets are prepared by trimerization of isocyanates. For example the trimer of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate is also known as HDI-biuret.
Applications
Biuret is also used as a non-protein nitrogen source in ruminant feed,[3] where it is converted into protein by gut microorganisms.[4] It is less favored than urea, due to its higher cost and lower digestibility[5] but this characteristic also slows down its digestion and so decreases the risk of ammonia toxicity.[5][6]
Related compounds
References
- ^ Biuret was first prepared and studied by Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann (1826 - 1899) for his doctoral dissertation, which was submitted in 1847. His findings were reported in several articles: (1) "Neues Zersetzungsproduct des Harnstoffs" (New decomposition product of urea) Journal für praktische Chemie, vol. 42, pages 255-256 (1847). [This notice reports that biuret reacts with alkaline copper sulfate to produce a red solution -- the so-called "Biuret test".]; (2) Gustav Wiedemann (1848) "Über eine neue, aus dem Harnstoff entstehende Verbindung" (On a new compound arising from urea) Journal für praktische Chemie, vol. 43, page 271-280; (3) G. Wiedemann (1848) "Biuret. Zersetzungsprodukt des Harnstoffs" (Biuret: decomposition product of urea), Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, vol. 68, pages 323-326.
- ^ Jozef H. Meessen and Harro Petersen “Urea” in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_333
- ^ Beef cattle feed, Encyclopædia Britannica Online
- ^ Florida Cow-Calf Management, 2nd Edition - Feeding the Cow Herd, IFAS Extension, University of Florida
- ^ a b Oltjen RR, Williams EE, Slyter LL, Richardson GV (November 1969). "Urea versus biuret in a roughage diet for steers". J. Anim. Sci. 29 (5): 816–22. PMID 5391979. http://jas.fass.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=5391979.
- ^ Paul V. Fonnesbeck, Leonard C. Kearl and Lorin E. Harris (1975). "Feed Grade Biuret as a Protein Replacement for Ruminants. A Review". J. Anim Sci. 40 (6): 1150–1184. http://jas.fass.org/cgi/content/abstract/40/6/1150.
English Journal
- OFF/ON Red-Emitting Fluorescent Probes for Casein Recognition and Quantification Based on Indolium Derivatives.
- Yang W1, Liu C1, Gao Q1, Du J1, Shen P1, Yang C2.
- Journal of fluorescence.J Fluoresc.2016 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print]
- Five derivatives of 2, 3, 3-trimethyl-3H-indolium containing different electron donor groups (H1 - H5) were synthesized for the determination of proteins. H3, a sensitive red-emitting fluorescent probe, was found for the discrimination of hydrophobic proteins from hydrophilic. The OFF - ON fluoresce
- PMID 27858298
- Synergetic inhibition of PCDD/F formation from pentachlorophenol by mixtures of urea and calcium oxide.
- Li Q1, Li L1, Su G2, Huang X1, Zhao Y1, Li B1, Miao X1, Zheng M1.
- Journal of hazardous materials.J Hazard Mater.2016 Nov 5;317:394-402. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.090. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
- Chlorophenols are structurally similar to PCDD/Fs and have been considered as highly potential precursors for PCDD/Fs formation. The suppressing effects of PCDD/F formation from pentachlorophenol (PCP) were investigated on various mass ratios of CaO and urea. The total concentration of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/
- PMID 27318736
- Comparative evaluation of serum and salivary immunoglobulin G and A levels with total serum protein in oral submucous fibrosis patients: A case control study.
- Kandasamy M1, Jaisanghar N2, Austin RD3, Srivastava KC4, Anusuya GS5, Anisa N6.
- Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences.J Pharm Bioallied Sci.2016 Oct;8(Suppl 1):S126-S132.
- AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to estimate and compare the serum and salivary immunoglobulin G and A (IgG, IgA) levels in various stages of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients and relate it to total serum protein (TSP) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samp
- PMID 27829763
Japanese Journal
- Comparison between the Traditional Internal Pressure Filtration Method and a Novel External Pressure Filtration Method of Cell-free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy (CART) along with a Comparison of Refractometer and Biuret Methods for Total Protein Concentration Measurement
- <b>キシリレンジイソシアネートの特性とその塗料用硬化剤への応用 </b>
Related Links
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- 英
- biuret
- 同
- アロファンアミド allophanamide、カルボミルウレア carbomylurea、ジカルボミルアミン dicarbomylamine