ベタイン・ホモシステイン-S-メチル基転移酵素、ベタイン・ホモシステイン-S-メチルトランスフェラーゼ
- 関
- betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase
WordNet
- the 19th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)s
- a sweet tasting alkaloid that occurs in sugar beets
PrepTutorEJDIC
- sulfurの化学記号 / {略}South[ern]
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/12/19 15:52:47」(JST)
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betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase |
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Crystal structure of rat liver betaine homocysteine s-methyltransferase.[1] |
Identifiers |
EC number |
2.1.1.5 |
CAS number |
9029-78-1 |
Databases |
IntEnz |
IntEnz view |
BRENDA |
BRENDA entry |
ExPASy |
NiceZyme view |
KEGG |
KEGG entry |
MetaCyc |
metabolic pathway |
PRIAM |
profile |
PDB structures |
RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
Gene Ontology |
AmiGO / EGO |
Search |
PMC |
articles |
PubMed |
articles |
NCBI Protein |
search |
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In the field of enzymology, a betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase also known as betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase is a zinc metallo-enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from betaine to homocysteine to produce dimethylglycine and methionine respectively:[2]
- betaine + homocysteine → dimethylglycine + methionine
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. This enzyme participates in the metabolism of glycine, serine, threonine and also methionine.
Contents
- 1 Isozymes
- 2 Tissue distribution
- 3 Clinical significance
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 Further reading
- 7 External links
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Isozymes
In humans, there are two isozymes, BHMT[3][4] and BHMT2,[5][6] each encoded by a separate gene.
betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase |
Identifiers |
Symbol |
BHMT |
Entrez |
635 |
HUGO |
1047 |
OMIM |
602888 |
RefSeq |
NM_001713 |
UniProt |
Q93088 |
Other data |
EC number |
2.1.1.5 |
Locus |
Chr. 5 q13.1-q15 |
|
betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase 2 |
Identifiers |
Symbol |
BHMT2 |
Entrez |
23743 |
HUGO |
1048 |
OMIM |
605932 |
RefSeq |
NM_017614 |
UniProt |
Q9H2M3 |
Other data |
EC number |
2.1.1.5 |
Locus |
Chr. 5 q13 |
|
Tissue distribution
BHMT is expressed most predominantly in the liver and kidney.[7]
Clinical significance
Anomalies in homocysteine metabolism have been implicated in disorders ranging from vascular disease to neural tube birth defects such as spina bifida.
See also
References
- ^ PDB 1UMY; González B, Pajares MA, Martínez-Ripoll M, Blundell TL, Sanz-Aparicio J (May 2004). "Crystal structure of rat liver betaine homocysteine s-methyltransferase reveals new oligomerization features and conformational changes upon substrate binding". J. Mol. Biol. 338 (4): 771–82. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.03.005. PMID 15099744.
- ^ Pajares MA, Pérez-Sala D (December 2006). "Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase: just a regulator of homocysteine metabolism?". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 63 (23): 2792–803. doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6249-6. PMID 17086380.
- ^ Garrow TA (September 1996). "Purification, kinetic properties, and cDNA cloning of mammalian betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (37): 22831–8. PMID 8798461. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8798461.
- ^ Sunden SL, Renduchintala MS, Park EI, Miklasz SD, Garrow TA (September 1997). "Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase expression in porcine and human tissues and chromosomal localization of the human gene". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 345 (1): 171–4. doi:10.1006/abbi.1997.0246. PMID 9281325.
- ^ Chadwick LH, McCandless SE, Silverman GL, Schwartz S, Westaway D, Nadeau JH (November 2000). "Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase-2: cDNA cloning, gene sequence, physical mapping, and expression of the human and mouse genes". Genomics 70 (1): 66–73. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6319. PMID 11087663.
- ^ Szegedi SS, Castro CC, Koutmos M, Garrow TA (April 2008). "Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase-2 is an S-methylmethionine-homocysteine methyltransferase". J. Biol. Chem. 283 (14): 8939–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.M710449200. PMC 2276374. PMID 18230605. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2276374/.
- ^ Sunden SL, Renduchintala MS, Park EI, Miklasz SD, Garrow TA (September 1997). "Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase expression in porcine and human tissues and chromosomal localization of the human gene". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 345 (1): 171–4. doi:10.1006/abbi.1997.0246. PMID 9281325.
Further reading
- Klee WA, Richards HH, Cantoni GL (1961). "The synthesis of methionine by enzymic transmethylation. VII Existence of two separate homocysteine methylpherases on mammalian liver". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 54: 157–64. doi:10.1016/0006-3002(61)90948-9. PMID 14456704.
External links
- Betaine+Homocysteine+Methyltransferase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- EC 2.1.1.5
Transferase: one carbon transferases (EC 2.1)
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2.1.1: Methyl- |
N- |
- Histamine N-methyltransferase
- Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
- Amine N-methyltransferase
- Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
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|
O- |
- 5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase/Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
- Catechol-O-methyl transferase
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Homocysteine |
- Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase
- Homocysteine methyltransferase
- Methionine synthase
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Other |
- Phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase
- DNMT3B
- Histone methyltransferase
- Thymidylate synthase
- DNA methyltransferase
- Thiopurine methyltransferase
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|
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2.1.2: Hydroxymethyl-,
Formyl- and Related |
Hydroxymethyltransferase |
- Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
- 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase
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Formyltransferase |
- Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase
- Inosine monophosphate synthase
|
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Other |
- Glutamate formimidoyltransferase
- Aminomethyltransferase
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2.1.3: Carboxy- and Carbamoyl |
Carboxy |
- methylmalonyl-CoA carboxytransferase
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Carbamoyl |
- Aspartate carbamoyltransferase
- Ornithine carbamoyltransferase
- Oxamate carbamoyltransferase
- Putrescine carbamoyltransferase
- 3-hydroxymethylcephem carbamoyltransferase
- Lysine carbamoyltransferase
- N-acetylornithine carbamoyltransferase
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|
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2.1.4: Amidino |
- Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
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- B
- enzm
- 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 2.7.10
- 2.7.11-12
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Metabolism: amino acid metabolism · synthesis and catabolism enzymes (essential in CAPS)
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K→acetyl-CoA |
LYSINE→
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- Saccharopine dehydrogenase
- Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase
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LEUCINE→
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- Branched chain aminotransferase
- Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
- Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase
- Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
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TRYPTOPHAN→
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- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
- Arylformamidase
- Kynureninase
- 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase
- Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase
- Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
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PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine→
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(see below)
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G |
G→pyruvate
→citrate
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glycine→serine→
|
- Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
- Serine dehydratase
- glycine→creatine: Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
- Creatine kinase
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alanine→
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cysteine→
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threonine→
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- L-threonine dehydrogenase
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G→glutamate→
α-ketoglutarate
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HISTIDINE→
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- Histidine ammonia-lyase
- Urocanate hydratase
- Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase
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proline→
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- Proline oxidase
- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
- 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase/ALDH4A1
- PYCR1
|
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arginine→
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- Ornithine aminotransferase
- Ornithine decarboxylase
- Agmatinase
|
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→alpha-ketoglutarate→TCA
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Other
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- cysteine+glutamate→glutathione: Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase
- Glutathione synthetase
- Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
- glutamate→glutamine: Glutamine synthetase
- Glutaminase
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|
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G→propionyl-CoA→
succinyl-CoA
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VALINE→
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- Branched chain aminotransferase
- Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
- Enoyl-CoA hydratase
- 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase
- 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase
- Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
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ISOLEUCINE→
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- Branched chain aminotransferase
- Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
- 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
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METHIONINE→
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- generation of homocysteine: Methionine adenosyltransferase
- Adenosylhomocysteinase
- regeneration of methionine: Methionine synthase/Homocysteine methyltransferase
- Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase
- conversion to cysteine: Cystathionine beta synthase
- Cystathionine gamma-lyase
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THREONINE→
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|
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→succinyl-CoA→TCA
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- Propionyl-CoA carboxylase
- Methylmalonyl CoA epimerase
- Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
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G→fumarate
|
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PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine→
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- Phenylalanine hydroxylase
- Tyrosine aminotransferase
- 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
- Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase
- Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
- tyrosine→melanin: Tyrosinase
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G→oxaloacetate
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asparagine→aspartate→
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- Asparaginase/Asparagine synthetase
- Aspartate transaminase
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mt, k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, a/u, n, m
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k, cgrp/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, au, n, m, epon
|
m (A16/C10), i (k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/o/e, a/u, n, m)
|
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Splicing variants of the porcine betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase gene: implications for mammalian metabolism.
- Ganu R, Garrow T, Koutmos M, Rund L, Schook LB.SourceDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Gene.Gene.2013 Oct 25;529(2):228-37. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.103. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
- Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) activity is only detected in the liver of rodents, but in both the liver and kidney cortex of humans and pigs; therefore, the pig was chosen as a model to define the spatial and temporal expression of BHMT during development. During fetal development,
- PMID 23948084
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and methionine synthase A2756G polymorphisms influence on leukocyte genomic DNA methylation level.
- Weiner AS, Boyarskikh UA, Voronina EN, Mishukova OV, Filipenko ML.SourceInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentjeva, 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Gene.Gene.2013 Oct 5. pii: S0378-1119(13)01332-2. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.098. [Epub ahead of print]
- Methionine synthase (MTR) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzymes are involved in the metabolism of methyl groups, and thus have an important role in the maintenance of proper DNA methylation level. In our study we aimed to evaluate the effect of the polymorphism A2756G (rs1805087) i
- PMID 24103477
- Effects of hyperhomocysteinemia and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase inhibition on hepatocyte metabolites and the proteome.
- Selicharová I, Kořínek M, Demianová Z, Chrudinová M, Mládková J, Jiráček J.SourceInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic. selicharova@uochb.cas.cz
- Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Aug;1834(8):1596-606. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.05.009. Epub 2013 May 18.
- Both cardiovascular disease and liver injury are major public health issues. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been linked to cardiovascular diseases, and defects in methyl group metabolism, often resulting in hyperhomocysteinemia, are among the key molecular events postulated to play a role in liver injury.
- PMID 23689031
Japanese Journal
- L-serine attenuate steatosis by suppression of hyperhomocysteinemia
- Hepatic Cystathionine β-Synthase Activity Does Not Increase in Response to Methionine Supplementation in Rats Fed a Low Casein Diet : Association with Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations
- Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 55(2), 178-185, 2009-04-01
- NAID 10025970986
- High Casein Diet Decreases Plasma Homocysteine Concentration in Rats
- Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 55(1), 22-30, 2009-02
- NAID 110007110612
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メチルトランスフェラーゼ、メチル基転移酵素、メチル化酵素
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