bedrock

WordNet

solid unweathered rock lying beneath surface deposits of soil

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〈U〉(土壌・小岩片の下の)基盤[岩],床岩,岩盤 / 〈C〉(一般に)しっかりした基礎,根底

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/04 07:35:46」(JST)

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Soil with broken rock fragments overlying bedrock, Sandside Bay, Caithness.

In stratigraphy, bedrock is consolidated rock underlying the surface of a terrestrial planet, usually the Earth. Above the bedrock is usually an area of broken and weathered unconsolidated rock in the basal subsoil. The surface of the bedrock beneath soil cover is known as rockhead in engineering geology^[1]^[2] and identifying this, via excavations, drilling or geophysical methods, is an important task in most civil engineering projects. Superficial deposits (also known as drift) can be extremely thick, such that the bedrock lies hundreds of meters below the surface.^[3]

Bedrock may also experience subsurface weathering at its upper boundary, forming saprolite.

A solid geologic map of an area will usually show the distribution of differing bedrock types, i.e., rock that would be exposed at the surface if all soil or other superficial deposits were removed.^[4]

Soil profile with bedrock labeled R

Soil scientists use the capital letters O, A, B, C, and E to identify the master soil horizons, and lowercase letters for distinctions of these horizons. Most soils have three major horizons—the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C). Some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the surface, but such a horizon can also be buried. The master horizon, E, is used for subsurface horizons that have a significant loss of minerals (eluviation). Hard bedrock, which is not soil, uses the letter R.

References

^ Price, David George, Engineering Geology: Principles and Practice, Springer, 2009, p. 16 ISBN 978-3540292494
^ Gribble C. & McLean A. (2003). Geology for Civil Engineers. CRC Press. p. 113. ISBN 9780203362150.
^ "Swinford,E.Mac What the glaciers left behind - drift thickness map of Ohio, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, newsletter 2004, No.1." (PDF). Retrieved 2012-09-12.
^ BGS. "Digital Geology - Bedrock geology theme". Archived from the original on 13 December 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-12.

External links

Media related to Bedrock at Wikimedia Commons

English Journal

Valuing shifts in the distribution of visibility in national parks and wilderness areas in the United States.

Boyle KJ1, Paterson R2, Carson R3, Leggett C4, Kanninen B5, Molenar J6, Neumann J2.
Journal of environmental management.J Environ Manage.2016 May 15;173:10-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.042. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
Environmental regulations often have the objective of eliminating the lower tail of an index of environmental quality. That part of the distribution of environmental quality moves somewhere above a threshold and where in the original distribution it moves is a function of the control strategy chosen
PMID 26950499

Inexistence of permafrost at the top of the Veleta peak (Sierra Nevada, Spain).

Oliva M1, Gómez-Ortiz A2, Salvador-Franch F2, Salvà-Catarineu M2, Palacios D3, Tanarro L3, Ramos M4, Pereira P5, Ruiz-Fernández J6.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2016 Apr 15;550:484-94. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.150. Epub 2016 Feb 1.
A 114.5m deep drilling was carried out in August 2000 in the bedrock of the Veleta peak, at 3380m in the massif of Sierra Nevada, Southern Spain. The objective of this work is to analyse temperatures at the first 60m depth of this drilling from September 2002 to August 2013 based on 11 UTL-1 thermal
PMID 26845184

Multi-dimensional water quality assessment of an urban drinking water source elucidated by high resolution underwater towed vehicle mapping.

Lock A1, Spiers G2, Hostetler B3, Ray J4, Wallschläger D5.
Water research.Water Res.2016 Apr 15;93:289-95. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.059. Epub 2016 Feb 13.
Spatial surveys of Ramsey Lake, Sudbury, Ontario water quality were conducted using an innovative underwater towed vehicle (UTV) equipped with a multi-parameter probe providing real-time water quality data. The UTV revealed underwater vent sites through high resolution monitoring of different spatia
PMID 26928564