barricade

　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. prevent access to by barricading; "The street where the President lives is always barricaded"
2. a barrier (usually thrown up hastily) to impede the advance of an enemy; "they stormed the barricade"
3. block off with barricades (同)barricado
4. render unsuitable for passage; "block the way"; "barricade the streets"; "stop the busy road" (同)block, blockade, stop, block off, block up, bar
5. preventing entry or exit or a course of action; "a barricaded street"; "barred doors"; "the blockaded harbor" (同)barred, blockaded

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (市街戦などで街路に急造した)『バリケード』,防塞(ぼうさい) / (一般に)障害物,行く手をはばむ物 / 《複数形で》(解決・突破がむずかしい)難関 / 〈道路なぢ〉‘に'バリケードをバリケードを防ぐ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/13 21:02:43」(JST)

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For other uses, see Barricade (disambiguation).

Polish barricade during the Warsaw Uprising

Revolutionary barricades during the May Uprising in Dresden

Street Fighting on Rue Soufflot, Paris, June 25, 1848

Hydraulic barricade defends Wall Street

Barricade, from the French barrique (barrel), is any object or structure that creates a barrier or obstacle to control, block passage or force the flow of traffic in the desired direction. Adopted as a military term, a barricade denotes any improvised field fortification, most notably on the city streets during urban warfare.

Barricades also include temporary traffic barricades designed with the goal of dissuading passage into a protected or hazardous area or large slabs of cement whose goal is to actively prevent forcible passage by a vehicle. Stripes on barricades and panel devices slope downward in the direction traffic must travel.

There are also pedestrian barricades - sometimes called bike rack barricades for their resemblance to a now obsolete form of bicycle stand, or police barriers. They originated in France approximately 50 years ago and are now produced around the world. They were first produced in the U.S. 40 years ago by Friedrichs Mfg for New Orleans's Mardi Gras parades.

Finally anti-vehicle barriers and blast barriers are sturdy barricades that can respectively counter vehicle and bomb attacks. As of recent, movable blast barriers have been designed by NTU that can be used to protect humanitarian relief workers, and villagers and their homes in unsafe areas.

In history

The origins of the barricade are often erroneously traced back to the "First Day of the Barricades", a confrontation that occurred in Paris on 12 May 1588 in which the supporters of the Duke of Guise and the ultra-Catholic Holy League successfully challenged the authority of king Henri III. In actuality, although barricades came to widespread public awareness in that uprising (and in the equally momentous "Second Day of the Barricades" on 27 August 1648), none of several conflicting claims concerning who may have "invented" the barricade stand up to close scrutiny for the simple reason that Blaise de Monluc had already documented insurgents' use of the technique at least as early as 1569 in religiously based conflicts in southwestern France.

Although barricade construction began in France in the sixteenth century and remained an exclusively French practice for two centuries, the nineteenth century remained the classic era of the barricade. Contrary to a number of historical sources, barricades were present in various incidents of the great French Revolution of 1789, but they never played a central role in those events. They were, however, a highly visible and consequential element in many of the insurrections that occurred in France throughout the 1800s, perhaps most notably in the revolutions of 1830 ("the July Days") and 1848 (in both February and June.) Other noteworthy Parisian events included the insurrection of 5–6 June 1832 (quite small-scale, but rendered famous by Hugo's account in Les Misérables); the combat that ended the Paris Commune in May 1871; and the more symbolic structures created in May 1968.

The barricade began its diffusion outside France in the 1780s and played a significant role in the Belgian Revolution of 1830, but it was only in the course of the upheaval of 1848 that it became truly international in scope. Its spread across the Continent was aided by the circulation of students, political refugees, and itinerant workers through the French capital, where many gained first-hand experience of one or another Parisian insurrection. The barricade had, by the middle of the nineteenth century, become the preeminent symbol of a revolutionary tradition that would ultimately spread worldwide. Barricade references appear in many colloquial expressions and are used, often metaphorically, in poems and songs celebrating radical social movements.

Gallery

• Paving blocks in a barricade, Paris 1871

• Earthen barricade during the Warsaw Uprising

• Among the materials frequently used for barricade construction are sandbags, pavement slabs and large vehicles

• Streetcar as part of a barricade

• Pedestrian barricade photo

• Crowd control barricade

• Improvised barricade made of train engines

• Pavement slabs barricade and a trench behind it during the Warsaw Uprising

• Improvised barricade built with vehicles

• A barricade in Warsaw protecting civilians from enemy fire when crossing a street

• Barricades as street and highway traffic control devices

See also

• Bulwark
• Border barrier
• Rampart
• Jersey barrier
• Visi-Flash Barricade Lights

References

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• PMID 22819104

• Mesoporous silica particles for selective detection of dopamine with β-cyclodextrin as the selective barricade.

• Yu C, Luo M, Zeng F, Zheng F, Wu S.SourceCollege of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physics & Chemistry of Luminescence, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
• Chemical communications (Cambridge, England).Chem Commun (Camb).2011 Aug 28;47(32):9086-8. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
• A mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) based fluorescent sensor for dopamine was constructed with probes inside particle pores and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) molecules on the particle surface as the selective barricade. The synergistic action of both the hydrophilic rim and hydrophobic cavity of β-CD
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• A preliminary survey of carrion breeding insects associated with the Eid ul Azha festival in remote Pakistan.

• Zaidi F, Chen XX.SourceInstitute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
• Forensic science international.Forensic Sci Int.2011 Jun 15;209(1-3):186-94. Epub 2011 Feb 16.
• In Pakistan, the three days of Islamic festival of Eid ul Azha (Eid) are characterized by millions of livestock sacrifices and availability of countless breeding resources for insects of forensic importance. Thus during Eid, December, 2008, in a Pakistani village observing 70 sacrifices, we examined
• PMID 21330071

Japanese Journal

• 連載特集 現代日本の労働問題(5)連合運動は「社会のバリケード」になれるか--基本姿勢の転換と大企業労組の組織、運動の改革を

• 芹澤 寿良
• 政経研究 (96), 43-58, 2011-06
• NAID 40018919491

• Repellent effect on host Formica workers of queen Dufour's gland secretion of the obligatory social parasite ant, Polyergus samurai (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

• TSUNEOKA Yousuke,AKINO Toshiharu
• Applied entomology and zoology 44(1), 133-141, 2009-02-25
• … The time necessary for a worker to get over a barricade applied with gland extract was significantly longer than that of controls. …
• NAID 110007125700

• Is barricade building behavior linked to pair formation in the dotillid crab Ilyoplax pusilla?

• Ohata Mari,Wada Keiji
• Crustacean research (37), 63-66, 2008-12
• … Ilyoplax pusilla has been known to exhibit a unique mudusing territorial behavior termed barricade building. … Most of the barricade builders are large males that can pair with females, which suggests that the barricade is built by males to aid courtship. … We conducted this study to clarify whether the barricade building improves mating success. …
• NAID 110007503187

• 中世城郭の復原と史料学

• 服部 英雄,Hattori Hideo,ハットリ ヒデオ
• 遺跡学研究 4, 54-61, 2007-11-23
• 特集２　中世城館遺跡の調査と保存
• NAID 120000984649

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• Barricade | Define Barricade at Dictionary.com

When Louis and his party had reached the barricade, Edward, attended likewise by his friends, approached on the other side. Richard III Jacob Abbott British Dictionary definitions for barricade Expand barricade / ˌbærɪˈkeɪd; / 1. ...

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