WordNet

the act of expanding an aperture; "the dilation of the pupil of the eye" (同)dilatation
a lengthy discussion (spoken or written) on a particular topic
become inflated; "The sails ballooned" (同)inflate, billow
large tough nonrigid bag filled with gas or heated air
small thin inflatable rubber bag with narrow neck
ride in a hot-air balloon; "He tried to balloon around the earth but storms forced him to land in China"
flying in a balloon

PrepTutorEJDIC

拡大,膨張
『気球』,軽気球 / (おもちゃの)風船 / (気球のように)ふくれる《+『out』(『up』)》 / (気球のように)ふくれた
気球操縦競技

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/12 13:57:50」(JST)

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Angioplasty is the technique of mechanically widening narrowed or obstructed arteries, the latter typically being a result of atherosclerosis. An empty and collapsed balloon on a guide wire, known as a balloon catheter, is passed into the narrowed locations and then inflated to a fixed size using water pressures some 75 to 500 times normal blood pressure (6 to 20 atmospheres). The balloon forces expansion of the inner white blood cell/clot plaque deposits and the surrounding muscular wall, opening up the blood vessel for improved flow, and the balloon is then deflated and withdrawn. A stent may or may not be inserted at the time of ballooning to ensure the vessel remains open.

The word is composed of the combining forms of the Greek words ἀγγεῖον angīon ‘vessel’/‘cavity’ (of the human body) and πλάσσω plasso ‘form’/‘mould’. Angioplasty has come to include all manner of vascular interventions that are typically performed in a minimally invasive or percutaneous method.

Medical uses[edit]

Metal stents and drug eluting stents result in an equivalent chance of death when used for primary angioplasty of ST elevation myocardial infarction.^[1]

After the procedure[edit]

After angioplasty, most of the patients are monitored overnight in the hospital but if there are no complications, the next day, patients are sent home.

The catheter site is checked for bleeding and swelling and the heart rate and blood pressure are monitored. Usually, patients receive medication that will relax them to protect the arteries against spasms. Patients are typically able to walk within two to six hours following the procedure and return to their normal routine by the following week.^[2]

Angioplasty recovery consists of avoiding physical activity for several days after the procedure. Patients are advised to avoid any type of lifting, or other strenuous physical activity for a week.^[3] Patients will need to avoid physical stress or prolonged sport activities for a maximum of two weeks after a delicate balloon angioplasty.^[4]

Patients with stents are usually prescribed an anticoagulant, clopidogrel, which is taken at the same time as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). These medicines are intended to prevent blood clots and they are usually taken for at least the first months after the procedure is performed. In most cases, patients are given these medicines for 1 year.

Patients who experience swelling, bleeding or pain at the insertion site, develop fever, feel faint or weak, notice a change in temperature or color in the arm or leg that was used or have shortness of breath or chest pain should immediately seek medical advice.

Peripheral angioplasty[edit]

Peripheral angioplasty (PA) refers to the use of a balloon to open a blood vessel outside the coronary arteries. It is commonly done to treat atherosclerotic narrowings of the abdomen, leg and renal arteries. PA can also be done to treat narrowings in veins, etc. Often, peripheral angioplasty is used in conjunction with peripheral stenting and atherectomy. Technically, angioplasty can be used to describe any dimensional treatment of blood vessels, whether enlarging, or reducing diameter, depending on requirements to treat the pathology.

Coronary angioplasty[edit]

A coronary angiogram (an X-ray with radio-opaque contrast in the coronary arteries) that shows the left coronary circulation. The distal left main coronary artery (LMCA) is in the left upper quadrant of the image. Its main branches (also visible) are the left circumflex artery (LCX), which courses top-to-bottom initially and then toward the centre-bottom, and the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, which courses from left-to-right on the image and then courses down the middle of the image to project underneath the distal LCX. The LAD, as is usual, has two large diagonal branches, which arise at the centre-top of the image and course toward the centre-right of the image.

Main article: Percutaneous coronary intervention

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), commonly known as coronary angioplasty is a therapeutic procedure to treat the stenotic (narrowed) coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary heart disease. These stenotic segments are due to the build up of cholesterol-laden plaques that form due to atherosclerosis. PCI is usually performed by an interventional cardiologist.

Treatment with PCI for patients with stable coronary artery disease reduces chest pain, but does not reduce the risk of death, myocardial infarction, or other major cardiovascular events when added to optimal medical therapy.^[5]

Renal artery angioplasty[edit]

Atherosclerotic obstruction of the renal artery can be treated with angioplasty of the renal artery (percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty, PTRA). Renal artery stenosis can lead to hypertension and loss of renal function.

Carotid angioplasty[edit]

Carotid artery stenosis is treated with angioplasty and stenting for high-risk patients in many hospitals.

Cerebral arteries angioplasty[edit]

In 1983, the Russian neurosurgeon Zubkov and colleagues reported the first use of transluminal balloon angioplasty for vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH.^[6]^[7]

History[edit]

Diagram of a balloon catheter.

Angioplasty was initially described by the US interventional radiologist Charles Dotter in 1964.^[8] Dr. Dotter pioneered modern medicine with the invention of angioplasty and the catheter-delivered stent, which were first used to treat peripheral arterial disease. On January 16, 1964, Dotter percutaneously dilated a tight, localized stenosis of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) in an 82-year-old woman with painful leg ischemia and gangrene who refused leg amputation. After successful dilation of the stenosis with a guide wire and coaxial Teflon catheters, the circulation returned to her leg. The dilated artery stayed open until her death from pneumonia two and a half years later.^[9]Charles Dotter is commonly known as the "Father of Interventional Radiology" and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1978.

The first coronary angioplasty on a waking patient was performed by the German cardiologist Andreas Gruentzig in September 1977.^[10]

References[edit]

^ De Luca G, Dirksen MT, Spaulding C, et al. (April 2012). "Drug-eluting vs bare-metal stents in primary angioplasty: a pooled patient-level meta-analysis of randomized trials". Arch. Intern. Med. 172 (8): 611–21; discussion 621–2. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.758. PMID 22529227.
^ "What should I expect after my procedure?". Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
^ "After the operation". Retrieved 2010-04-06.
^ "Angioplasty Recovery". Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
^ Boden W. E., O'Rourke R. A. et al. (2007). "Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease". N Engl J Med 356 (15): 1503–16. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa070829. PMID 17387127.
^ Zubkov IuN, Nikiforov BM, Shustin VA (Sep-Oct 1983). "1st attempt at dilating spastic cerebral arteries in the acute stage of rupture of arterial aneurysms". Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko 5 (5): 17–23. PMID 6228084.
^ Zubkov YN, Nikiforov BM, Shustin VA (Sep-Oct 1984). "Balloon catheter technique for dilatation of constricted cerebral arteries after aneurysmal SAH". Acta Neurochir (Wien) 70 (1-2): 65–79. doi:10.1007/BF01406044. PMID 6234754.
^ Dotter CT, Judkins MP (November 1964). "Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction". Circulation 30: 654–70. PMID 14226164.
^ Rosch Josef et al. (2003). "The birth, early years, and future of interventional radiology". J Vasc Interv Radiol 14 (7): 841–853. PMID 12847192.
^ Biographic sketch of Andreas Gruentzig

External links[edit]

Look up angioplasty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Angioplasty.Org, celebrating 15 years of independent cardiology news and education for patients and professionals.
A BBC film showing angioplasty being used for primary percutaneous intervention.
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Diseases and Conditions Index
NYU Interventional Radiology Pictorial explanation of angioplasty and stenting
Coronary Heart DIsease Info-graphic with Angioplasty procedure information and illustrations

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English Journal

Transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants: Experimental testing of a new Amplatzer device.

Bass JL, Wilson N.Author information Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Minnesota Amplatz Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota.AbstractObjectives: This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of implanting a new miniaturized nitinol device to occlude the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a newborn porcine model. Background: Transcatheter device closure is the standard of care for PDA in older children and adults. Currently available technology is not designed for the newborn infant. Methods: The Amplatzer Duct Occluder II 0.5 is a new transcatheter Nitinol device without fabric designed to close the PDA with small aortic and pulmonary artery structures. The device was implanted in 8 infant pigs (average weight 2,400 g) after balloon dilation of PDA (average diameter 2.7 mm, average length 5.8 mm) with immediate, ∼ 7, ∼ 30, and ∼ 90 day follow-up by echocardiography, angiography, and final pathological examination. Half were implanted arterial, and half venous. Results: The device was successfully implanted in all animals. There was complete occlusion of the PDA in all cases without obstruction of the pulmonary arteries or aorta. There was complete late endothelialization without thrombus. The only complication was transection of a femoral artery accessed by cutdown. Conclusions: The success of this animal study confirms safety and feasibility of the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II 0.5 (now known as the ADO II AS) for use when the aorta and pulmonary arteries are small. Consideration can be given to transcatheter closure of the PDA in preterm and other small infants with this device. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions.Catheter Cardiovasc Interv.2014 Feb 1;83(2):250-5. doi: 10.1002/ccd.22931. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
Objectives: This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of implanting a new miniaturized nitinol device to occlude the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a newborn porcine model. Background: Transcatheter device closure is the standard of care for PDA in older children and adults. Currently avai
PMID 24446324

Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis: when should we operate?

Rizzi MD, Kazahaya K.Author information aDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia bDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.AbstractPURPOSE OF REVIEW: The timing and role of surgery in the management of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (pCRS) remains unclear. This review attempts to summarize the existing literature regarding this topic.
Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery.Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.2014 Feb;22(1):27-33. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000018.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The timing and role of surgery in the management of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (pCRS) remains unclear. This review attempts to summarize the existing literature regarding this topic.RECENT FINDINGS: pCRS is a complex clinical syndrome that results from multiple potential cau
PMID 24300841

What is the full range of medical and surgical treatments available for patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction?

Adil E, Poe D.Author information aDepartment of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital bDepartment of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.AbstractPURPOSE OF REVIEW: To present the current medical and surgical treatment options for Eustachian tube dysfunction.
Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery.Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.2014 Feb;22(1):8-15. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000020.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To present the current medical and surgical treatment options for Eustachian tube dysfunction.RECENT FINDINGS: Balloon dilation or microdebrider Eustachian tuboplasty are feasible treatment options for patients with refractory dilatory dysfunction as an alternative to tympanostomy
PMID 24275798

Japanese Journal

尿道腫瘍による排尿困難に対してバルーン拡張を試みた犬4例 (日本獣医師会学会学術誌) -- (小動物臨床関連部門)

山？裕毅,高木哲,小儀直子 [他]
日本獣医師会雑誌 65(7), 530-533, 2012-07
NAID 40019383533

Treatment of an Unruptured Fusiform Aneurysm of the Internal Carotid Artery Associated With Wegener's Granulomatosis by Endovascular Balloon Occlusion : Case Report

ONODERA Hidetaka,HIRAMOTO Jun,MORISHIMA Hiroyuki,TANAKA Yuichiro,HASHIMOTO Takuo
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 52(4), 216-218, 2012-04-15
NAID 10030127841