WordNet

restricted to a particular condition of life; "an obligate anaerobe can survive only in the absence of oxygen"
commit in order to fulfill an obligation; "obligate money"
an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant); it obtains nourishment from the host without benefiting or killing the host
(microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants (同)bacterium
relating to or caused by bacteria; "bacterial infection"
caused by law or conscience to follow a certain course; "felt obligated to repay the kindness"; "was obligated to pay off the student loan"

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1. 成人における特発性細菌性腹膜炎：治療および予防 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in adults treatment and prophylaxis
2. 資源の豊富な国の成人における急性下痢に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with acute diarrhea in resource rich countries
3. 肺移植後の細菌感染症 bacterial infections following lung transplantation
4. 輸血による細菌感染 transfusion transmitted bacterial infection
5. 小児における細菌性気管炎：臨床的特徴および診断 bacterial tracheitis in children clinical features and diagnosis

Bacterial symbionts of the leafhopper Evacanthus interruptus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae).

Szklarzewicz T1, Grzywacz B2, Szwedo J3, Michalik A4.
Protoplasma.Protoplasma.2016 Mar;253(2):379-91. doi: 10.1007/s00709-015-0817-2. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
Plant sap-feeding hemipterans harbor obligate symbiotic microorganisms which are responsible for the synthesis of amino acids missing in their diet. In this study, we characterized the obligate symbionts hosted in the body of the xylem-feeding leafhopper Evacanthus interruptus (Cicadellidae: Evacant
PMID 25900723

Laboratory maintenance of the bacterial endosymbiont, Neorickettsia sp., through the life cycle of a digenean, Plagiorchis elegans.

Greiman SE1, Tkach M2, Vaughan JA2, Tkach VV2.
Experimental parasitology.Exp Parasitol.2015 Oct;157:78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.06.015. Epub 2015 Jul 6.
The Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) are a diverse and complex group of internal metazoan parasites. These parasites can serve as hosts to obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus Neorickettsia (Family: Anaplasmataceae). Neorickettsiae persist within all stages of the fluke life cy
PMID 26160679

Arsenophonus and Sodalis Symbionts in Louse Flies: an Analogy to the Wigglesworthia and Sodalis System in Tsetse Flies.

Nováková E1, Husník F2, Šochová E3, Hypša V2.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2015 Sep;81(18):6189-99. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01487-15. Epub 2015 Jul 6.
Symbiosis between insects and bacteria result in a variety of arrangements, genomic modifications, and metabolic interconnections. Here, we present genomic, phylogenetic, and morphological characteristics of a symbiotic system associated with Melophagus ovinus, a member of the blood-feeding family H
PMID 26150448