Additive roles of PthAs in bacterial growth and pathogenicity associated with nucleotide polymorphisms in effector-binding elements of citrus canker susceptibility genes.
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri, affects most commercial citrus varieties. All X. citri strains possess at least one transcription activator-like effector of the PthA family that activates host disease susceptibility (S) genes. The X. citri strain 306 encodes four PthA effectors; neverthe
Analysis of Sequenced Genomes of Xanthomonas perforans Identifies Candidate Targets for Resistance Breeding in Tomato.
Timilsina S1, Abrahamian P1, Potnis N1, Minsavage GV1, White FF1, Staskawicz BJ1, Jones JB1, Vallad GE1, Goss EM1.
Phytopathology.Phytopathology.2016 Oct;106(10):1097-1104. Epub 2016 Aug 11.
Bacterial disease management is a challenge for modern agriculture due to rapid changes in pathogen populations. Genome sequences for hosts and pathogens provide detailed information that facilitates effector-based breeding strategies. Tomato genotypes have gene-for-gene resistance to the bacterial
'Gene-for-gene' theory predicts that gain of virulence by an avirulent pathogen on plants expressing resistance (R) genes is associated with fitness loss in susceptible hosts. However, the validity of this prediction has been studied in only a few plant viral pathosystems. In this study, the Soybean
Interaction between viral RNA silencing suppressors and host factors in plant immunity
Nakahara Kenji S,Masuta Chikara
Current Opinion in Plant Biology 20, 88-95, 2014-04
… By analogy of the steps in virus-host interactions with the steps in the standard zigzag model outlined in recent papers, we may regard RNA silencing as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) against viruses, RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs) as effectors to overcome host RNA silencing and resistance gene (R-gene)-mediated defense as effector-triggered immunity (ETI) recognizing RSSs as avirulence proteins. …
avirulence /avir·u·lence/ (a-vir´u-lens) lack of virulence; lack of competence of an infectious agent to produce pathologic effects.avir´ulent. avirulence [a-vir´u-lens]. lack of virulence; lack of competence of an infectious agent to produce ...