asterisk

アステリスク、アスタリスク、星印 　 　

WordNet

1. a star-shaped character * used in printing (同)star
2. not marked with an asterisk; "unasterisked items" (同)unstarred
3. marked with an asterisk; "the starred items" (同)starred

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 星印(*)(脚注への参照などを示す) / …‘に'星印をつける

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/02 12:51:10」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

*

アスタリスク またはアステリスク（英: asterisk）は、約物のひとつで、右のような放射線である。原語の意味は「小さい星」（ラテン語経由の古代ギリシア語）で、日本語でも星号、星印、スター、アスタとも呼ばれる。

形状

いくつかの用途では上の方に小さく書かれ、印刷活字やコンピューターのフォントでは最初から上に寄せてデザインされていることも多いが、必ずしもそうではなく、中央に書かれることもある。Unicodeでは、高い位置に書かない「⁎ U+204E LOW ASTERISK」が用意されている。

原則として、放射線は6本で、2本の縦線と4本の斜め線からなる。ただし場合によっては、2本の横線と4本の斜め線からなることや、放射線が5本や8本からなることもある。

名称

ギリシャ語からラテン語に入った語で、「星 (aster)」の指小形（小さな星）に由来する。

日本国語大辞典、広辞苑をはじめ、一般的な国語辞書では、英語風の「アスタリスク」ではなくラテン語風の「アステリスク」で立項されている。

用途

脚注

短剣符（†、‡）同様、脚注を表すのに用いられる。この用途では、短剣符よりも優先して用いられる。脚注の対象となる字句の右肩に付し、同じ記号を脚注の項目のはじめに置く。

必要に応じ、「**」「***」のように複数付けたり「*1」「*2」のように数字を付けたりすることによって区別する。アスタリスクを縦に2つ並べた記号をダブルアステ (⁑)といい、三角形状に3つ並べた記号をアステリズム (⁂)という。

コンピュータ

UMLの多重度「0..*」

• 演算子
  • コンピュータではかけ算や乗数の記号(×の代用)に使われることが多い。FORTRANが設計された際に、IBM 721 系のカードパンチ機に×のキーが存在しなかったため、*で代用した名残といわれる。
  • ** は、いくつかのプログラム言語では冪乗を示す。
  • C言語・C++などでは、（掛け算以外に）ポインタを表す。
• 任意
  • 正規表現において、直前の表現の0回以上任意回のくりかえしを示す（クリーネ閉包）。
  • ファイル名の指定において文字数不定の任意の文字列にマッチするワイルドカード文字。
  • SQLでは「全て」を意味する。｢SELECT *」で表の全ての列を処理の対象とする。
  • 統一モデリング言語 (UML) では、多重度が0以上の任意の整数であることを表す。また、「N..*」で多重度がN以上の任意の整数であることを表す（「*」と「0..*」は同義）。
• C言語・C++などでは、（掛け算以外に）「/* コメント */」のように「/*」と「*/」で囲まれたテキストはコメントを表す。
• Perlでは、（掛け算以外に）型グロブを表す。
• Common Lispでは、グローバル変数を*～*で囲んで表す。
• MediaWikiでは箇条書き用のマークアップ記号として用いられる（Help:箇条書きも参照）。
• Markdownでは太字や斜体、箇条書き、水平線の記法のひとつとして用いられる。

数学

• A^* は集合 A のクリーネ閉包。
• z^* は複素数 z の複素共役。
• 演算子としての*は乗算ではなく畳み込みを表す。

言語学

• 文法的に誤った文（非文）の先頭に付ける。また括弧と組み合わせて、あると非文あるいは無いと非文になるものを表す。

  I'm not / *I amn't : 後者は死語表現。

  go (*to) home : to があると非文

  go *(to) the station : to が無いと非文

• 比較言語学では、音声表現の先頭に添えて、史料などで実証されていない論理的な再構形であることを示す。

  *ainlif > endleofan > eleven

• 同様に音韻論などでは、音素表現の先頭に添えて、発音不可能な仮構形などを表す場合がある。
• IPA では固有名詞の語頭につけることが提案されたが、あまり用いられない。

その他

• 英文電子メールでは、強調したい語句を* *で囲むことが行われる。
• 天文学では、点状源を意味することがあり、スターと読む。例: いて座A*は、広がりを持つ電波源いて座Aの中の点状電波源を意味する。
• バイオグラフィーなどで、誕生や生を意味する。対応する記号は死を意味する†。
• パスワード入力時などの伏字として使われる。「●」も最近は多く使われる。
• 事前にフォーマットとして印刷されている文字を抹消する際に用いる。例として、預金通帳の項目内の取引で事前に書かれている文字に該当しない取引があった際に印字されるなどのケースで見られる。
• MLBの記録において、薬物使用疑惑など「注釈付き」「参考記録」と判断された選手の名前にはアスタリスクが印字される。
• 表などの空欄を埋めるのに、連続した * が使われる。未記入等ではなくN/Aであることを明示したり、改竄防止の効果がある。
• 国際天気図記号では雪を表す。個数や配置でさまざまな降り方を表し、単なる「*」は「弱い断続性の雪」である。
• 馬産では馬名の前に付し、その馬が外国からの輸入馬であることを示す。

類似の記号

• 日本では、星印というと「☆」「★」が一般的である。また、「※」（米印）を「星印」と呼ぶこともある。
• △と▽を合わせた「✡」を、籠目ないし、ダビデの星、六芒星と呼ぶ。
• アスタリスクを90度回転させると、プッシュ式電話機におけるボタンの一つである「」（スターマーク）となる。ATコマンドなどでは星印はアスタリスクで代用される。ダイヤル回線使用時に、トーン信号出力へ切り替えるという機能を割り当てているものがある。

符号位置

記号	Unicode	JIS X 0213	文字参照	名称
*	U+002A	1-1-86	* *	星印、アステリスク ASTERISK
⁂	U+2042	1-12-94	⁂ ⁂	アステリズム ASTERISM
⁎	U+204E	-	⁎ ⁎	LOW ASTERISK
⁑	U+2051	1-12-93	⁑ ⁑	ダブルアステ TWO ASTERISKS ALIGNED VERTICALLY
∗	U+2217	-	∗ ∗ ∗	ASTERISK OPERATOR
✢	U+2722	-	✢ ✢	FOUR TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK
✣	U+2723	-	✣ ✣	FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK
✤	U+2724	-	✤ ✤	HEAVY FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK
✥	U+2725	-	✥ ✥	FOUR CLUB-SPOKED ASTERISK
✱	U+2731	-	✱ ✱	HEAVY ASTERISK
✲	U+2732	-	✲ ✲	OPEN CENTRE ASTERISK
✳	U+2733	-	✳ ✳	EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK
✺	U+273A	-	✺ ✺	SIXTEEN POINTED ASTERISK
✻	U+273B	-	✻ ✻	TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK
✼	U+273C	-	✼ ✼	OPEN CENTRE TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK
✽	U+273D	-	✽ ✽	HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK
❃	U+2743	-	❃ ❃	HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED PINWHEEL ASTERISK
❉	U+2749	-	❉ ❉	BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK
❊	U+274A	-	❊ ❊	EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK
❋	U+274B	-	❋ ❋	HEAVY EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK
﹡	U+FE61	-	﹡ ﹡	SMALL ASTERISK
＊	U+FF0A	1-1-86	＊ ＊	星印、アステリスク FULLWIDTH ASTERISK

関連項目

• ダブルアステ「⁑」（アスタリスクが2つの記号）
• アステリズム (記号) 「⁂」（アスタリスクが3つの記号）
• ※（米印）
• スター (記号)（★、☆）
• スターマーク（電話機のボタンに記されているアスタリスクに似た記号）

出典

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Asterisk (disambiguation) and * (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with Asterix.

*
Asterisk

Asterisks used to illustrate a section break in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

An asterisk (*; from Late Latin asteriscus, from Ancient Greek ἀστερίσκος, asteriskos, "little star") is a typographical symbol or glyph. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often vocalize it as star (as, for example, in the A* search algorithm or C*-algebra). In English, an asterisk is usually five-pointed in sans-serif typefaces, six-pointed in serif typefaces, and six- or eight-pointed when handwritten. It can be used as censorship. It is also used on the internet to correct one's spelling, in which case it appears after the correct word.

The asterisk is derived from the need of the printers of family trees in feudal times for a symbol to indicate date of birth. The original shape was seven-armed, each arm like a teardrop shooting from the center.

In computer science, the asterisk is commonly used as a wildcard character, or to denote pointers, repetition, or multiplication.

Usage

Censorship

Main article: Wordfilter

It is used as censorship over all or part of a word.

Competitive sports and games

• In colloquial usage, an asterisk is used to indicate that a record is somehow tainted by circumstances, which are putatively explained in a footnote referenced by the asterisk. This usage arose after the 1961 baseball season in which Roger Maris of the New York Yankees broke Babe Ruth's 34-year-old single-season home run record. Because Ruth had amassed 60 home runs in a season with only 154 games, compared to Maris's 61 over 162 games, baseball commissioner Ford Frick announced that Maris' accomplishment would be recorded in the record books with an explanation (often referred to as "an asterisk" in the retelling). In fact, Major League Baseball had no official record book at the time, but the stigma remained with Maris for many years, and the concept of a real or figurative asterisk denoting less-than-official records has become widely used in sports and other competitive endeavors. A 2001 TV movie about Maris' record-breaking season was called 61* (pronounced sixty-one asterisk) in reference to the controversy.

• In recent years, the asterisk has come into use on baseball scorecards to denote a "great defensive play."

• In February 2011 the United States Olympic Committee and the Ad Council launched an anti-steroid campaign called "Play Asterisk Free" aimed at teens. The campaign, whose logo uses a heavy asterisk, first launched in 2008 under the name Don't Be An Asterisk.

Barry Bonds

Fans critical of Barry Bonds, who has been accused of using performance-enhancing drugs during his baseball career, invoked the asterisk notion during the 2007 season, as he approached and later broke Hank Aaron's career home run record. Opposing fans would often hold up signs bearing asterisks whenever Bonds came up to bat. After Bonds hit his record-breaking 756th home run on August 7, 2007, fashion designer and entrepreneur Marc Ecko purchased the home run ball from the fan who caught it, and ran a poll on his Web site to determine its fate. On September 26, Ecko revealed on NBC's Today show that the ball will be branded with an asterisk and donated to the Baseball Hall of Fame. The ball, marked with a die-cut asterisk, was finally delivered to the hall on July 2, 2008 after Marc Ecko unconditionally donated the artifact rather than loaning it to the hall as originally intended.

Cricket

• In cricket, it signifies a total number of runs scored by a batsman without losing his wicket, e.g. 107* means '107 not out'. When written before a player's name on a scorecard, it indicates the captain of the team.

• It is also used on television when giving a career statistic during a match. For example, 47* in a number of matches column means that the current game is the player's 47th.

Computing

Computer science

• In computer science, the asterisk is used in regular expressions to denote zero or more repetitions of a pattern; this use is also known as the Kleene star or Kleene closure after Stephen Kleene.
• In the Unified Modeling Language, the asterisk is used to denote zero to many classes.

Computer interfaces

• In some command line interfaces, such as the Unix shell and Microsoft's CMD, the asterisk is the wildcard character and stands for any string of characters. This is also known as a wildcard symbol. A common use of the wildcard is in searching for files on a computer. For instance, if a user wished to find a document called Document 1, search terms such as Doc* and D*ment* would return this file. Document* would also return any file that begins with Document.
• In some graphical user interfaces an asterisk is pre- or appended to the current working document name shown in a window's title bar to indicate that unsaved changes exist. In Windows versions before XP the asterisk was also used as a mask to hide passwords being entered into a text box; later this was changed to a bullet.
• In Commodore (and related) filesystems, an asterisk appearing next to a filename in a directory listing denotes an improperly closed file, commonly called a "splat file."
• In travel industry Global Distribution Systems, the asterisk is the display command to retrieve all or part of a Passenger Name Record.
• In HTML web forms, an asterisk can be used to denote required fields.
• Chat Room etiquette calls on one asterisk to correct a misspelled word that has already been submitted. For example, one could post lck, then follow it with luck* to correct the word's spelling, or if it's someone else that notices the mistake, they would use *luck.
  • Enclosing a phrase between two asterisks is used to denote an action the user is "performing", e.g. *pulls out a paper*, although this usage is also common on forums, and less so on most chat rooms due to /me or similar commands. Hyphens (-action-) and double colons (::action::) as well as the operator /me are also used for similar purposes.

Adding machines and printing calculators

• Some international models of adding machines and printing calculators use the asterisk to denote the total, or the terminal sum or difference of an addition or subtraction sequence, respectively, sometimes on the keyboard where the total key is marked with an asterisk and sometimes a capital T, and on the printout.

Programming languages

Many programming languages and calculators use the asterisk as a symbol for multiplication. It also has a number of special meanings in specific languages, for instance:

• In some programming languages such as the C, C++, and Go programming languages, the asterisk is used to dereference or to declare a pointer variable.
• In the Common Lisp programming language, the names of global variables are conventionally set off with asterisks, *LIKE-THIS*.
• In the Ada, Fortran, Perl, Python, Ruby programming languages, in some dialects of the Pascal programming language, and many others, a double asterisk is used to signify exponentiation: 5**3 is 5*5*5 or 125.
• In the Perl programming language, the asterisk is used to refer to the typeglob of all variables with a given name.
• In the programming languages Ruby and Python, * has two specific uses. First, the unary * operator applied to a list object inside a function call will expand that list into the arguments of the function call. Second, a parameter preceded by * in the parameter list for a function will result in any extra positional parameters being aggregated into a tuple (Python) or array (Ruby), and likewise in Python a parameter preceded by ** will result in any extra keyword parameters being aggregated into a dictionary.
• In the APL language, the asterisk represents the exponential and exponentiation functions.
• In IBM Job Control Language, the asterisk has various functions, including in-stream data in the DD statement, the default print stream as SYSOUT=*, and as a self-reference in place of a procedure step name to refer to the same procedure step where it appears.
• In Haskell, the asterisk represents the set of well-formed, fully applied types - that is a 0-ary kind of types.

Comments in computing

Main article: block comments

In the B programming language and languages that borrow syntax from it, like C, PHP, Java, or C#, comments (parts of the code not intended to be compiled into the program) are marked by an asterisk combined with the slash:

/* Here is a comment.
   The compiler will ignore it. */

Some Pascal-like programming languages, for example, Object Pascal, Modula-2, Modula-3, and Oberon, as well as several other languages including ML, Wolfram Language (Mathematica), AppleScript, OCaml, Standard ML, and Maple, use an asterisk combined with a parenthesis:

(* This is a comment.
   The compiler will ignore it. *)

CSS, while not strictly a programming language, also uses the slash-star comment format.

body {
  /* This ought to make the text more readable for far-sighted people */
  text-size:24pt;
}

Economics

• In economics, the use of an asterisk after a letter indicating a variable such as price, output, or employment indicates that the variable is at its optimal level (that which is achieved in a perfect market situation). For instance, p* is the price level p when output y is at its corresponding optimal level of y*.

• Also in international economics asterisks are commonly used to denote economic variables in a foreign country. So, for example, "p" is the price of the home good and "p*" is the price of the foreign good, etc.

Education

• In the GCSE and A-Level examinations in the United Kingdom and the PSLE in Singapore, A* ("A-star") is a special top grade that is distinguished from grade A.
• In the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) examination in Hong Kong, 5** (5-star-star) and 5* (5-star) are two special top grades that are distinguished from Level 5. Level 5** is the highest level a candidate can attain in HKDSE.

Fluid Mechanics

In fluid mechanics, an asterisk in superscript is sometimes used to mean a property at sonic speed.

Games

• Certain categories of character types in role-playing games are called splats, and the game supplements describing them are called splatbooks. This usage originated with the shorthand "*book" for this type of supplement to various World of Darkness games, such as Clanbook: Ventrue (for Vampire: The Masquerade) or Tribebook: Black Furies (for Werewolf: The Apocalypse), and this usage has spread to other games with similar character-type supplements. For example, Dungeons & Dragons Third Edition has had several lines of splatbooks: the "X & Y" series including Sword & Fist and Tome & Blood prior to the "3.5" revision, the "Complete X" series including Complete Warrior and Complete Divine, and the "Races of X" series including Races of Stone and Races of the Wild.
• In many MUDs and MOOs, as well as "male", "female", and other more esoteric genders, there is a gender called "splat", which uses an asterisk to replace the letters that differ in standard English gender pronouns. For example, h* is used rather than him or her. Also, asterisks are used to signify doing an action, for example, "*action*"
• Game show producer Mark Goodson used a six-pointed asterisk as his trademark. It is featured prominently on many set pieces from The Price Is Right.
• Scrabble players put an asterisk after a word to indicate that an illegal play was made.

Human genetics

• In human genetics, * is used to denote that someone is a member of a haplogroup and not any of its subclades (see * (haplogroup)).

Linguistics

In linguistics, an asterisk is placed before a word or phrase to indicate that it is not used, or there are no records of it being in use. This is used in several ways depending on what is being discussed.

Historical linguistics

In historical linguistics, the asterisk marks words or phrases that are not directly recorded in texts or other media, and that are therefore reconstructed on the basis of other linguistic material (see also comparative method).

In the following example, the Proto-Germanic word ainlif is a reconstructed form.

• *ainlif → endleofan → eleven

A double asterisk indicates a form that would be expected according to a rule, but is not actually found. That is, it indicates a reconstructed form that is not found or used, and in place of which another form is found in actual usage:

• For the plural, **kubar would be expected, but separate masculine plural akābir أكابر and feminine plural kubrayāt كبريات are found as irregular forms.

Generative linguistics

In generative linguistics, especially syntax, an asterisk in front of a word or phrase indicates that the word or phrase is not used because it is ungrammatical.

• wake her up / *wake up her (in Standard American English)

An asterisk before a parenthesis indicates that the lack of the word or phrase inside is ungrammatical, while an asterisk after the opening bracket of the parenthesis indicates that the existence of the word or phrase inside is ungrammatical.

• go *(to) the station - Here, "go the station" would be ungrammatical.
• go (*to) home - Here, "go to home" would be ungrammatical.

Ambiguity

Since a word marked with an asterisk could mean either "unattested" or "impossible", it is important in some contexts to distinguish these meanings. In general, authors retain asterisks for "unattested", and prefix ˣ, **, or a superscript "?" for the latter meaning.

Marketing

Asterisks (or other symbols) are commonly used in advertisements to refer readers to special terms/conditions for a certain statement, commonly placed below the statement in question. For example: an advertisement for a sale may have an asterisk after the word "sale" with the date of the sale at the bottom of the advertisement, similar to the way footnotes are used.

Mathematics

The asterisk has many uses in mathematics. The following list highlights some common uses and is not exhaustive.

stand-alone

• An arbitrary point in some set. Seen, for example, when computing Riemann sums or when contracting a simply connected group to the singleton set { ∗ }.

as a unary operator, denoted in prefix notation

• The Hodge dual operator on vector spaces .

as a unary operator, written as a subscript

• The pushforward (differential) of a smooth map f between two smooth manifolds, denoted f_∗.
• And more generally the application of any covariant functor, where no doubt exists over which functor is meant.

as a unary operator, written as a superscript

• The complex conjugate of a complex number (the more common notation is ).
• The conjugate transpose, Hermitian transpose, or adjoint matrix of a matrix.
• Hermitian adjoint.
• The multiplicative group of a ring, especially when the ring is a field. E.g.
• The dual space of a vector space V, denoted V*.
• The combination of an indexed collection of objects into one example, e.g. the combination of all the cohomology groups H^k(X) into the cohomology ring H*(X).
• In statistics, z* and t* are given critical points for z-distributions and t-distributions, respectively.

as a binary operator, in infix notation

• A notation for an arbitrary binary operator.
• The free product of two groups.
• f ∗ g is a convolution of f with g.

The asterisk is used in all branches of mathematics to designate a correspondence between two quantities denoted by the same letter – one with the asterisk and one without.

Mathematical typography

In fine mathematical typography, the Unicode character U+2217 ∗ asterisk operator (in HTML, ∗) is available. This character also appeared in the position of the regular asterisk in the PostScript symbol character set in the Symbol font included with Windows and Macintosh operating systems and with many printers. It should be used in fine typography for a large asterisk that lines up with the other mathematical operators.

Music

• In musical notation the sign indicates when the sustain pedal of the piano should be lifted.
• In liturgical music, an asterisk is often used to denote a deliberate pause.

Religious texts

• In the Geneva Bible and the King James Bible, an asterisk is used to indicate a marginal comment or scripture reference.
• In the Leeser Bible, an asterisk is used to mark off the seven subdivisions of the weekly Torah portion. It is also used to mark the few verses to be repeated by the reader of the Haftara.
• In American printings of the Book of Common Prayer, an asterisk is used to divide a verse of a Psalm in two portions for responsive reading. British printings use a spaced colon (" : ") for the same purpose.

Star of Life

Replacement for cross/crescent/star on ambulances.

• Ambulance in Lausanne

• World War I ambulance

Statistical results

In many scientific publications, the asterisk is employed as a shorthand to denote the statistical significance of results when testing hypotheses. When the likelihood that a result occurred by chance alone is below a certain level, one or more asterisks are displayed. Popular significance levels are <0.05 (*), <0.01 (**), and <0.001 (***).

Telephony

On a Touch-Tone telephone keypad, the asterisk (called star, or less commonly, palm or sextile) is one of the two special keys (the other is the number sign (pound sign or hash or, less commonly, octothorp or square)), and is found to the left of the zero. They are used to navigate menus in Touch-Tone systems such as Voice mail, or in Vertical service codes.

Typography

• The asterisk is used to call out a footnote, especially when there is only one on the page. Less commonly, multiple asterisks are used to denote different footnotes on a page (i.e., *, **, ***). Typically, an asterisk is positioned after a word or phrase and preceding its accompanying footnote.
• Three spaced asterisks centered on a page may represent a jump to a different scene, thought, or section
• A group of three asterisks arranged in a triangular formation is called an asterism.
• One or more asterisks may be used as censorship over all or part of a word.
• Asterisks are sometimes used as an alternative to typographical bullets to indicate items of a list.
• Asterisks can be used in textual media to represent *emphasis* when bold or italic text is not available (e.g., Twitter, text messaging).
• Asterisks may denote corrections to misspelling or misstatements in previous electronic messages, particularly when replacement or retraction of a previous writing is not possible, especially with "instant messaging" but also with other "immediate delivery" types of textual messages such as SMS. Usually this takes the form of a message consisting solely of the corrected text, with an asterisk; etiquette varies on whether the asterisk should precede or follow such a correction. Example:

   I had breakfast this mroning
   morning*
   I prefer serial
   *cereal
   I like toast
   don't*
   I asked for bread
   no bread*

• Bounding asterisks as "a kind of self-describing stage direction", as linguist Ben Zimmer has put it. For example, in "Another gas station robbery *sigh*," the writer uses *sigh* to express disappointment (but does not necessarily literally sigh).

Encodings

The Unicode standard states that the asterisk is distinct from:

• U+066D ٭ arabic five pointed star (HTML ٭),
• U+2217 ∗ asterisk operator (HTML ∗ · ∗), and
• U+2731 ✱ heavy asterisk (HTML ✱).

The symbols are compared below (the display depends on your browser's font).

Asterisk	Asterisk Operator	Heavy Asterisk	Small Asterisk	Full Width Asterisk	Open Centre Asterisk
*	∗	✱	﹡	＊	✲

Low Asterisk	Arabic star	East Asian reference mark	Teardrop-Spoked Asterisk	Sixteen Pointed Asterisk
⁎	٭	※	✻	✺

Name	Unicode	Decimal	UTF-8	HTML	Displayed
Asterisk	U+002A	*	2A		*
Combining Asterisk Below	U+0359	͙	CD 99		͙
Arabic Five Pointed Star	U+066D	٭	D9 AD		٭
East Asian Reference Mark	U+203B	※	E2 80 BB		※
Flower Punctuation Mark	U+2055	⁕	E2 81 95		⁕
Asterism	U+2042	⁂	E2 81 82		⁂
Low Asterisk	U+204E	⁎	E2 81 8E		⁎
Two Asterisks Aligned Vertically	U+2051	⁑	E2 81 91		⁑
Combining Asterisk Above	U+20F0	⃰	E2 83 B0		⃰
Asterisk Operator	U+2217	∗	E2 88 97	∗	∗
Circled Asterisk Operator	U+229B	⊛	E2 8A 9B		⊛
Four Teardrop-Spoked Asterisk	U+2722	✢	E2 9C A2		✢
Four Balloon-Spoked Asterisk	U+2723	✣	E2 9C A3		✣
Heavy Four Balloon-Spoked Asterisk	U+2724	✤	E2 9C A4		✤
Four Club-Spoked Asterisk	U+2725	✥	E2 9C A5		✥
Heavy Asterisk	U+2731	✱	E2 9C B1		✱
Open Centre Asterisk	U+2732	✲	E2 9C B2		✲
Eight Spoked Asterisk	U+2733	✳	E2 9C B3		✳
Sixteen Pointed Asterisk	U+273A	✺	E2 9C BA		✺
Teardrop-Spoked Asterisk	U+273B	✻	E2 9C BB		✻
Open Centre Teardrop-Spoked Asterisk	U+273C	✼	E2 9C BC		✼
Heavy Teardrop-Spoked Asterisk	U+273D	✽	E2 9C BD		✽
Heavy Teardrop-Spoked Pinwheel Asterisk	U+2743	❃	E2 9D 83		❃
Balloon-Spoked Asterisk	U+2749	❉	E2 9D 89		❉
Six Teardrop-Spoked Propeller Asterisk	U+274A	❊	E2 9D 8A		❊
Heavy Eight Teardrop-Spoked Propeller Asterisk	U+274B	❋	E2 9D 8B		❋
Squared Asterisk	U+29C6	⧆	E2 A7 86		⧆
Equals With Asterisk	U+2A6E	⩮	E2 A9 AE		⩮
Slavonic Asterisk	U+A673	꙳	EA 99 B3		꙳
Small Asterisk	U+FE61	﹡	EF B9 A1		﹡
Full Width Asterisk	U+FF0A	＊	EF BC 8A		＊
Music Symbol Pedal Up Mark	U+1D1AF	𝆯	F0 9D 86 AF		𝆯
Tag Asterisk	U+E002A	󠀪	F3 A0 80 AA
Light Five Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7AF	🞯	F0 9F 9E AF		🞯
Medium Five Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7B0	🞰	F0 9F 9E B0		🞰
Bold Five Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7B1	🞱	F0 9F 9E B1		🞱
Heavy Five Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7B2	🞲	F0 9F 9E B2		🞲
Very Heavy Five Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7B3	🞳	F0 9F 9E B3		🞳
Extremely Heavy Five Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7B4	🞴	F0 9F 9E B4		🞴
Light Six Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7B5	🞵	F0 9F 9E B5		🞵
Medium Six Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7B6	🞶	F0 9F 9E B6		🞶
Bold Six Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7B7	🞷	F0 9F 9E B7		🞷
Heavy Six Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7B8	🞸	F0 9F 9E B8		🞸
Very Heavy Six Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7B9	🞹	F0 9F 9E B9		🞹
Extremely Heavy Six Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7BA	🞺	F0 9F 9E BA		🞺
Light Eight Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7BB	🞻	F0 9F 9E BB		🞻
Medium Eight Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7BC	🞼	F0 9F 9E BC		🞼
Bold Eight Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7BD	🞽	F0 9F 9E BD		🞽
Heavy Eight Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7BE	🞾	F0 9F 9E BE		🞾
Very Heavy Eight Spoked Asterisk	U+1F7BF	🞿	F0 9F 9E BF		🞿

See also

• Arabic star
• Asterism (typography)
• List of typographical symbols
• Reference mark
• Star (glyph)

References

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. ヒト白血球抗原（HLA）：ロードマップ human leukocyte antigens hla a roadmap
• 2. 糖尿病に対するインスリン療法に関する問題についての症例 cases illustrating problems with insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus
• 3. マルファン症候群および関連疾患の遺伝学、臨床的特徴、および診断 genetics clinical features and diagnosis of marfan syndrome and related disorders
• 4. 成人における股関節痛の放射線評価 radiologic evaluation of the painful hip in adults

English Journal

• DPT tautomerisation of the G·Asyn and A*·G*syn DNA mismatches: a QM/QTAIM combined atomistic investigation.

• Brovarets' OO1, Hovorun DM.
• Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.Phys Chem Chem Phys.2014 Apr 16;16(19):9074-85. doi: 10.1039/c4cp00488d.
• By applying a combined QM and QTAIM atomistic computational approach we have established for the first time that the G·Asyn and A*·G*syn DNA mismatches (rare tautomers are marked with an asterisk), causing spontaneous transversions with substantially various probabilities, radically differ from ea
• PMID 24695821

• XY FEMALES DO BETTER THAN THE XX IN THE AFRICAN PYGMY MOUSE, MUS MINUTOIDES.

• Saunders PA1, Perez J, Rahmoun M, Ronce O, Crochet PA, Veyrunes F.
• Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.Evolution.2014 Feb 24. doi: 10.1111/evo.12387. [Epub ahead of print]
• All therian mammals have a similar XY/XX sex-determination system except for a dozen species. The African pygmy mouse, Mus minutoides, harbors an unconventional system in which all males are XY, and there are three types of females: the usual XX but also XX* and X*Y ones (the asterisk designates a s
• PMID 24611447

• Step-by-step guideline for disease-specific costing studies in low- and middle-income countries: a mixed methodology.

• Hendriks ME1, Kundu P2, Boers AC3, Bolarinwa OA4, Te Pas MJ3, Akande TM4, Agbede K5, Gomez GB3, Redekop WK2, Schultsz C3, Swan Tan S2.
• Global health action.Glob Health Action.2014 Mar 28;7:23573. doi: 10.3402/gha.v7.23573. eCollection 2014.
• BACKGROUND: Disease-specific costing studies can be used as input into cost-effectiveness analyses and provide important information for efficient resource allocation. However, limited data availability and limited expertise constrain such studies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).OBJECTIV
• PMID 24685170

Japanese Journal

• 異教的ケルトの過去についての再考 : 反ネイティヴィズム、アスタリスク付リアリティ、そして後期古代パラダイム

• ウッディング ジョナサン・M,廣野 元昭 [訳]
• ケルティック・フォーラム (16), 66-79, 2013-10
• NAID 40019834737

• Asterisk and Star 16-QAM Golay Complementary Sequence Mates

• ZENG Fanxin,ZENG Xiaoping,ZHANG Zhenyu,XUAN Guixin
• IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E96.A(11), 2294-2298, 2013
• In an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system, two users use the same frequencies and number of sub-carriers so as to increase spectrum efficiency. When the codewords em …
• NAID 130003385272

• TOHOシネマズ 50拠点のPBXをAsteriskに 全国IP内線網構築しIVRも実現

• 藤田 健
• テレコミュニケーション 28(8), 52-54, 2011-08
• NAID 40018934651

Related Links

• Asterisk - VOIP-Info.jp Wiki

Asterisk: Open Source Communication Framework AsteriskはオープンソースのPBXでDigiumのMark Spencerによって始められました。(主に)Linuxプラットフォーム上で動作します。 日本でAsteriskが広く知られるようになったのは2005年頃から ...

• Asterisk.org

An open source telephony switching and private branch exchange service for Linux. Information on downloading, installation of and support for the product.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「星印」「アスタリスク」「アステリスク」

「星印」

　　[★]

英

asterisk

関

アステリスク、アスタリスク

「アスタリスク」

　　[★]

英

asterisk

関

アステリスク、星印

「アステリスク」

　　[★]

英

asterisk

関

星印、アスタリスク