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the craniometric point at the junction of the lamboid suture and the occipitomastoid suture and the parietomastoid suture

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/04 12:07:46」(JST)

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This article is about the figure in Greek mythology. For other uses, see Asterion (disambiguation). For the theologian, see Asterius the Sophist.

In Greek mythology, Asterion ("starry", "ruler of the stars") denotes two sacred kings of Crete. The first Asterion (Ancient Greek: Ἀστερίων) or Asterius (Ἀστέριος),^[1] the son of Tectamus son of Dorus called by the Greeks "king" of Crete, was the consort of Europa and stepfather of her sons by Zeus,^[2] who had to assume the form of the Cretan bull of the sun to accomplish his role. The sons were Minos, the just king in Crete who judged the Underworld; Rhadamanthus, presiding over the Garden of the Hesperides or in the Underworld; and Sarpedon, likewise a judge in the Afterlife. When he died, Asterion gave his kingdom to Minos, who promptly "banished" his brothers after quarrelling with them. Crete, daughter of Asterion, was a possible wife of Minos.

According to Karl Kerenyi^[3] and other scholars, the second Asterion, the star at the center of the labyrinth on Cretan coins, was in fact the Minotaur, as the compiler of Bibliotheca (III.1.4) asserts:

Pasiphaë gave birth to Asterius, who was called the Minotaur. He had the face of a bull, but the rest of him was human; and Minos, in compliance with certain oracles, shut him up and guarded him in the Labyrinth.

"Minotaur" is simply a name of Hellene coining to describe his Cretan iconic bull-man image: see Minotaur. Coins minted at Cnossus from the fifth century showed the kneeling bull or the head of a goddess crowned with a wreath of grain^[4] and on the reverse—the "underside"—a scheme of four meander patterns joined at the centre windmill fashion, sometimes with sickle moons or with a star-rosette at the center: "it is a small view of the nocturnal world on the face of the coin that lay downward in the printing process, and is, as it were, oriented downward".

A Greek myth^[5] introduced Asterion as one of three river gods who judged between Poseidon and Hera, who should rule Argos. The River Asterion in Argos^[6] is mentioned in the Dionysiaca (47.493) of Nonnus, who couples the reference with a rite in which young men dedicate locks of their hair.

As long as it is recalled that the myth of Asterion, who appears in no anecdotal Hellenic context, is Minoan, it will be perceived that the figure of Zeus is an interloper, and that rather than the "stepfather" role to which he has been displaced, Asterion is originally the father of the Underworld progeny.

Asterion in the herbal of Dioscurides, is Silene linifolia.^[7] Others will point at the fact that the original text of Dioscorides and throughout the ancient world the real Asterion was Cannabis, it was this herb grown close to the temple that could be woven into fabric (garlands). Of this herb, found near the Heraion of the Argolid, Pausanias noted "On its banks grows a plant, which also is called asterion. They offer the plant itself to Hera, and from its leaves weave her garlands."^[8]

Notes[edit]

^ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca III.1.2–4, and Diodorus Siculus, IV.60.3, give Asterius; Pausanias, Description of Greece II.31.1, gives Asterion.
^ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca III.1.2; Asterius "having died childless" III.1.3; scholiast on Iliad XII.292.
^ Kerenyi (1951), p. 111; Kerenyi (1976), p. 105.
^ Compare Carme.
^ Mentioned by Pausanias, 2.17.1–2. (on-line English text).
^ Theoi Project: Asterion, river-god of Argos
^ Charles Singer, "The Herbal in Antiquity and Its Transmission to Later Ages", The Journal of Hellenic Studies 47.1 (1927):1–52), illus. p. 16, fig. 12, naturalistic drawing of the first or second century CE, redrawn for the Vienna Dioscurides made for Julia Anicia.
^ Pausanias, 2.17.2.

References[edit]

A.B. Cook, Zeus, i.543ff.
Karl Kerenyi. The Gods of the Greeks. London: Thames & Hudson, 1951.
Karl Kerenyi. Dionysus: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life, 1976.
Sara Douglass, 2002–6. The Troy Game Series. (Asterion referred to as the name of the Minotaur)

English Journal

Sex determination of human crania using Mastoid triangle and Opisthion-Bimastoid triangle.

Jain D, Jasuja OP, Nath S.SourceDepartment of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
Journal of forensic and legal medicine.J Forensic Leg Med.2013 May;20(4):255-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2012.09.020. Epub 2012 Oct 13.
In the present study an attempt has been made to establish standards for sex determination from the various direct and indirect measurements of the cranium. A total of 100 cranium (50 of either sex) were measured for nine direct measurements pertaining to Mastoid triangle and Opisthion-Bimastoid tri
PMID 23622470

Localization of transverse-sigmoid sinus junction using preoperative 3D computed tomography: application in retrosigmoid craniotomy.

Xia L, Zhang M, Qu Y, Ren M, Wang H, Zhang H, Yu C, Zhu M, Li J.SourceDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 50, Yi-Ke-Song Road, Haidian District, 100093, Beijing, China.
Neurosurgical review.Neurosurg Rev.2012 Oct;35(4):593-8; discussion 598-9. doi: 10.1007/s10143-012-0395-0. Epub 2012 May 22.
In retrosigmoid craniotomy, neurosurgeons usually depend on surface landmarks and their experience to evaluate the position of transverse-sigmoid sinus junction (TSSJ) and place an appropriate initial burr-hole, which is not accurate each time because of variability in different craniums. The author
PMID 22614028

Japanese Journal

Determination of the Keyhole Position in a Lateral Suboccipital Retrosigmoid Approach

TERANISHI Yu,KOHNO Michihiro,SORA Shigeo,SATO Hiroaki
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 54(4), 261-266, 2014
… Here, we report a method for predicting the position of the T/S junction and investigate the relationship between the T/S junction and asterion. … To expose the T/S junction, we usually place the keyhole lateral to asterion by a half diameter of the burr hole. … The distance of the T/S junction from asterion was investigated using three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) images. …
NAID 130003383243

CT による骨の評価とインプラント埋入時動揺度との関係

熊坂士,岡本俊宏,片岡利之,貝淵信之,藤井俊治
日本口腔インプラント学会誌 25(4), 708-716, 2012
… CT scan devices: Aquilion16, Aquilion32, Asterion, and LightSpeed Ultra16. …
NAID 130004631880

Parietomastoid suture と transverse sinus の位置関係の評価 : 3D-CTAを用いて

尾崎充宣,瀬尾善宣,原敬二,伊東民雄,中川原譲二,中村博彦
CI研究 : progress in computed imaging 31(2), 109-111, 2009-09-30
NAID 10026325221

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