WordNet

tough elastic tissue; mostly converted to bone in adults (同)gristle
either of two small cartilages at the back of the larynx to which the vocal folds are attached (同)arytaenoid, arytenoid_cartilage

PrepTutorEJDIC

軟骨[組織]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/07 15:35:51」(JST)

wiki en

The arytenoid^[1] (/ærɨˈtiːnɔɪd/) cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal folds (vocal cords) are attached. These allow and aid in the vocal cords' movement.

Each is pyramidal or ladle-shaped in form (arytenoid comes from Greek arytaina meaning ladle + eidos, meaning form),^[2] and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex.

Structure

Surfaces

The posterior surface is a triangular, smooth, concave, and gives attachment to the Arytænoidei obliquus and transversus.

The antero-lateral surface is somewhat convex and rough. On it, near the apex of the cartilage, is a rounded elevation (colliculus) from which a ridge (crista arcuata) curves at first backward and then downward and forward to the vocal process. The lower part of this crest intervenes between two depressions or foveæ, an upper, triangular, and a lower oblong in shape; the latter gives attachment to the Vocalis muscle.

The medial surface is narrow, smooth, and flattened, covered by mucous membrane, and forms the lateral boundary of the intercartilaginous part of the rima glottidis.

Base and apex

The base of each cartilage is broad, and on it is a concave smooth surface, for articulation with the cricoid cartilage.

Its lateral angle is called the muscular process

Its anterior angle is called the vocal process

The apex of each cartilage is pointed, curved backward and medialward, and surmounted by a small conical, cartilaginous nodule, the corniculate cartilage.

Function

They allow the vocal folds to be tensed, relaxed, or approximated.

The arytenoids articulate with the supero-lateral parts of the cricoid cartilage lamina, forming the cricoarytenoid joints at which they can come together, move apart, tilt anteriorly or posteriorly, and rotate.

Additional images

Sagittal section of the larynx and upper part of the trachea.
The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind.
Muscles of the larynx, seen from above.
Arytenoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ From Ancient Greek: ἀρύταινα, arytaina, "ladle."
^ Farlex dictionary: arytenoid cartilage Citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人における嗄声 hoarseness in adults
2. 小児における嗄声：評価 hoarseness in children evaluation
3. 軟骨毛髪形成不全症 cartilage hair hypoplasia
4. 早期（ステージIおよびII）の頭頸部癌の治療：下咽頭 treatment of early stage i and ii head and neck cancer the hypopharynx
5. 緊急挿管用の気管チューブイントロデューサ（ガムエラスティックブジ） endotracheal tube introducers gum elastic bougie for emergency intubation

English Journal

An Ex Vivo Model to Evaluate the Effect of Cyclical Adductory Forces on Maintenance of Arytenoid Abduction After Prosthetic Laryngoplasty Performed With and Without Mechanical Arytenoid Abduction.

McClellan NR1, Santschi EM, Hurcombe SD, Litsky AS.Author information 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.AbstractOBJECTIVES: To (1) develop a model of cyclical adduction force on an abducted left arytenoid cartilage that mimics swallowing or coughing; (2) determine if arytenoid abduction by a clamp before knot tying will improve the maintenance of abduction under cyclical adduction testing.
Veterinary surgery : VS.Vet Surg.2014 Apr 5. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12178.x. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES: To (1) develop a model of cyclical adduction force on an abducted left arytenoid cartilage that mimics swallowing or coughing; (2) determine if arytenoid abduction by a clamp before knot tying will improve the maintenance of abduction under cyclical adduction testing.STUDY DESIGN: Experi
PMID 24702612

The anatomy of the larynx of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, and its sound-producing functions.

Schoenfuss HL1, Bragulla HH, Schumacher J, Henk WG, Craig George J, Hillmann DJ.Author information 1Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota.AbstractThis study describes the morphology of the laryngeal apparatus in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) with respect to respiration, deglutition, and vocalization. We also examined the intrinsic cricoarytenothyroid muscle (Musculus (M.) diverticuli laryngei) which forms the laryngeal diverticulum, to ascertain its interactions with the laryngeal cartilages during respiration and sound production. Five fetal larynges and four from adult whales were studied using noninvasive imaging, as well as macroscopic and microscopic techniques. The larynx extends from the skull base into the thoracic inlet. The dorsally curved laryngeal stalk, supported by epiglottis and the corniculate processes of arytenoid cartilages, is situated within the nasopharynx. The epiglottic cartilage exhibits a prominent medial ridge. The arytenoid cartilages are rod-shaped, and extend through the laryngeal cavity. The thyroid cartilage possesses a prominent caudal horn with a fibrous articulation to the ventrally incomplete cricoid cartilage. The M. thyroepiglotticus forms the connection between epiglottic and thyroid cartilages. The M. cricothyroideus lateralis connects the caudal horn of the thyroid cartilage with the cricoid cartilage and the M. cricothyroideus medialis connects the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. An extensive laryngeal diverticulum (Diverticulum laryngis), formed by the laryngeal mucosa and M. diverticuli laryngei, is positioned caudo-ventral to the laryngeal vestibule. The mucosa thickens into a fold medial to the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages. Experiments with airflow combined with histological and anatomical evidence strongly suggest a sound producing function for these (vocal) folds. This analysis provides the first account of sound producing structures and function in bowhead whales. Anat Rec, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007).Anat Rec (Hoboken).2014 Apr 2. doi: 10.1002/ar.22907. [Epub ahead of print]
This study describes the morphology of the laryngeal apparatus in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) with respect to respiration, deglutition, and vocalization. We also examined the intrinsic cricoarytenothyroid muscle (Musculus (M.) diverticuli laryngei) which forms the laryngeal diverticulum, to
PMID 24692387

Surgical management for isolated cricoid fracture causing arytenoid immobility.

Chitose S1, Sato K2, Nakazono H2, Fukahori M2, Umeno H2, Nakashima T2.Author information 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan. Electronic address: yonekawa@med.kurume-u.ac.jp.2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.AbstractCricoid cartilage fractures usually occur concurrently with disorders of laryngeal function. In, particular, displaced cricoid lamina fractures can affect arytenoid movement. However, functional, recovery may require proper repositioning of the cricoid lamina, which is associated with a high rate of, complications. Here we present a case in which an isolated cricoid cartilage fracture with arytenoid, immobility due to displacement of the fracture in the cricoarytenoid joint space was successfully, treated. Our findings suggest that a combination of external approaches with temporary, cricothyrotomy and wide suturing of the entire cricoid framework has the potential to improve, arytenoid movement and prevent associated complications.
Auris, nasus, larynx.Auris Nasus Larynx.2014 Apr;41(2):225-8. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2013.10.013. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
Cricoid cartilage fractures usually occur concurrently with disorders of laryngeal function. In, particular, displaced cricoid lamina fractures can affect arytenoid movement. However, functional, recovery may require proper repositioning of the cricoid lamina, which is associated with a high rate of
PMID 24268328

Japanese Journal

BIOPEX注入術

荒木幸仁,冨藤雅之,鈴木洋,塩谷彰浩
音声言語医学 53(3), 187-193, 2012-07-20
当科ではBIOPEX（リン酸カルシウム骨ペースト）を用いた声帯内注入術を施行している．キットとして市販され準備や注入手技が簡便，すぐ硬化し吸収はきわめて軽微であり，長期間安定した効果が得られる．硬化する性質を利用し，後部声門閉鎖不良例に対する披裂軟骨内転効果も期待できる．拡張型喉頭鏡にて喉頭展開を行い，ビデオ喉頭鏡システム下で注入を行うことで，声帯全体の良好な視野を得ながら器具の干渉も少なく確実な …
NAID 10030784899

Clinical Study of 7 Cases of Arytenoid Dislocation and a Divice in Reposition

浅岡恭介,濱島有喜,村上信五
喉頭 24(1), 20-24, 2012
… Arytenoid cartilage dislocation is a relatively rare condition, and as such, its diagnosis and treatment are not standardized. … A retrospective review was conducted on the charts of 7 cases (5 male and 2 female) with arytenoid cartilage dislocation in our hospital. … <BR>There are several possible methods of repositioning the dislocated arytenoid cartilage, but convalescence is difficult in many cases. …
NAID 130002138886

鼻咽腔閉鎖機能不全による摂食・嚥下障害を伴った第1第2鰓弓症候群の1例

玄景華,橋本岳英,片川吉尚,安田順一
岐阜歯科学会雑誌 37(3), 188-194, 2011-02-20
【緒言】第1第2鰓弓症候群は主に顔面、口腔および耳などに変形を生じる先天性疾患であるが、摂食・嚥下障害は少ないとされている。今回は著明な哺乳障害を伴った本症候群患児に対して、摂食機能療法を行い良好な結果を得たので報告する。【症例】4カ月女児。主訴:某大学病院小児科より嚥下リハビリテーション依頼。38週2,296g で帝王切開にて出生し、左耳介欠損、左耳孔閉鎖等を認め、本症候群と診断された。既往歴: …
NAID 110008138685

「披裂軟骨」

Arytenoid cartilage
	The cartilages of the larynx seen from behind
Details
Latin	Cartilagines arytaenoideae
Precursor	4th and 6th branchial arch
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1075
MeSH	A02.165.507.083
Dorlands; /Elsevier	c_12/12217087
TA	A06.2.04.001
FMA	55109
	Anatomical terminology