WordNet

relating to or affecting the joints of the body; "the articular surfaces of bones"; "articular disease" (同)articulary
tough elastic tissue; mostly converted to bone in adults (同)gristle

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関節の,分節の
軟骨[組織]

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/25 11:53:56」(JST)

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Hyaline cartilage is a type of cartilage found on many joint surfaces. It is pearly bluish in color with firm consistency and has a considerable amount of collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.

Description[edit]

Hyaline cartilage is covered externally by a fibrous membrane, called the perichondrium, except at the articular ends of bones and also where it is found directly under the skin, i.e. ears and nose. This membrane contains vessels that provide the cartilage with nutrition.

If a thin slice is examined under the microscope, it will be found to consist of cells of a rounded or bluntly angular form, lying in groups of two or more in a granular or almost homogeneous matrix.

The cells, when arranged in groups of two or more, have generally straight outlines where they are in contact with each other, and in the rest of their circumference are rounded.

They consist of clear translucent protoplasm in which fine interlacing filaments and minute granules are sometimes present; embedded in this are one or two round nuclei, having the usual intranuclear network.

The cells are contained in cavities in the matrix, called cartilage lacunae; these are actually artificial gaps formed by the shrinking of the cells during the staining and setting of the tissue for observation. The interterritorial space between the isogenous cell groups contains relatively more collagen fibers, causing it to maintain its shape while the actual cells shrink, creating the lacunae.

This constitutes the so-called capsule of the space.

Each lacuna is generally occupied by a single cell, but during the division of the cells it may contain two, four, or eight cells. (see isogenous group)

Hyaline cartilage also contains chondrocytes which are cartilage cells that produce the matrix. Hyaline cartilage matrix is mostly made up of type II collagen and Chondroitin sulfate, both of which are also found in elastic cartilage.

Hyaline cartilage exists on the ventral ends of ribs; in the larynx, trachea, and bronchi; and on the articular surface of bones.

Articular cartilage[edit]

Articular cartilage refers to hyaline cartilage on the articular [1] surfaces of bones.^[1]

Though it is often found in close contact with menisci and articular disks, articular cartilage is not considered a part of either of these structures, which are made entirely of fibrocartilage. Not covered by synovial membrane.

Images[edit]

Articular cartilage of the elbow joint as seen in dissection
A synovial joint with bone, articular cartilage, and articular disc shown.
Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view.
Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view..
Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to hyaline cartilage..

Hyaline+cartilage at eMedicine Dictionary
UIUC Histology Subject 331
BU Histology Learning System: 03301lba

References[edit]

^ http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/articular_cartilage

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における慢性膝痛の放射線評価 radiologic evaluation of the chronically painful knee in adults
2. 変形性関節症の病因 pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
3. 膝および股関節の変形性関節症に対する外科治療の概要 overview of surgical therapy of knee and hip osteoarthritis
4. 成人における急性膝痛の放射線評価 radiologic evaluation of the acutely painful knee in adults
5. Navicular stress fractures of the foot

English Journal

Chondrogenic potential of stem cells derived from amniotic fluid, adipose tissue, or bone marrow encapsulated in fibrin gels containing TGF-β3.

Park JS, Shim MS, Shim SH, Yang HN, Jeon SY, Woo DG, Lee DR, Yoon TK, Park KH.SourceDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University 606-16, Yeoksam 1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2011 Nov;32(32):8139-49. Epub 2011 Aug 15.
In this study, several types of hMSCs, derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, or amniotic fluid, were encapsulated in a fibrin hydrogel mixed with TGF-β3 and then evaluated for their capacity for differentiation in?vitro and in?vivo. For determination of stem cell differentiation, RT-PCR, real
PMID 21840589

Japanese Journal

Cartilaginous repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects is induced by the intermittent activation of PTH/PTHrP signaling.

Kudo Satoshi,Mizuta Hiroshi,Takagi Katsumasa,Hiraki Yuji
Osteoarthritis and cartilage
… Objective：We studied the effects of the transient activation of parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) signaling during the repair of 5-mm-diameter full-thickness defects of articular cartilage in the rabbit. … Materials and methods：Cylindrical full-thickness articular cartilage defects of 5 mm in diameter were artificially created in the femoral trochlea of male adolescent Japanese white rabbits using a hand-drill. …
NAID 120003255718