WordNet

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a malformed or degenerated joint

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/04 12:51:43」(JST)

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Arthroplasty (literally "[re-]forming of joint") is an orthopedic surgical procedure where the articular surface of a musculoskeletal joint is replaced, remodeled, or realigned by osteotomy or some other procedure. It is an elective procedure that is done to relieve pain and restore function to the joint after damage by arthritis or some other type of trauma.

Background

Previously, a popular form of arthroplasty was interpositional arthroplasty with interposition of some other tissue like skin, muscle or tendon to keep inflammatory surfaces apart or excisional arthroplasty in which the joint surface and bone was removed leaving scar tissue to fill in the gap. Other forms of arthroplasty include resection(al) arthroplasty, resurfacing arthroplasty, mold arthroplasty, cup arthroplasty, silicone replacement arthroplasty, etc. Osteotomy to restore or modify joint congruity is also an arthroplasty.

For the last 45 years the most successful and common form of arthroplasty is the surgical replacement of arthritic or destructive or necrotic joint or joint surface with prosthesis. For example a hip joint that is affected by osteoarthritis may be replaced entirely (total hip arthroplasty) with a prosthetic hip. This would involve replacing both the acetabulum (hip socket) and the head and neck of the femur. The purpose of this procedure is to relieve pain, to restore range of motion and to improve walking ability, thus leading to the improvement of muscle strength.

Indications

osteoarthritis (OA)
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
avascular necrosis (AVN) or osteonecrosis (ON)
congenital dislocation of the hip joint (CDH) Hip dysplasia (human)
acetabular dysplasia (shallow hip socket)
frozen shoulder, loose shoulder
traumatized and malaligned joint
joint stiffness

Complications

Infection
Bleeding
Periprosthetic fracture
Loosening
Mechanical wear
Failure

UpToDate Contents

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1. 全人工股関節置換術 total hip arthroplasty
2. 全人工膝関節置換術 total knee arthroplasty
3. 膝および股関節の変形性関節症に対する外科治療の概要 overview of surgical therapy of knee and hip osteoarthritis
4. 人工関節感染の治療 treatment of prosthetic joint infections
5. 人工関節感染の疫学および予防 epidemiology and prevention of prosthetic joint infections

English Journal

A novel formulation for scratch-based wear modelling in total hip arthroplasty.

Kruger KM1, Tikekar NM, Heiner AD, Baer TE, Lannutti JJ, Callaghan JJ, Brown TD.Author information 1a Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA.AbstractDamage to the femoral head in total hip arthroplasty often takes the form of discrete scratches, which can lead to dramatic wear acceleration of the polyethylene (PE) liner. Here, a novel formulation is reported for finite element (FE) analysis of wear acceleration due to scratch damage. A diffused-light photography technique was used to globally locate areas of damage, providing guidance for usage of high-magnification optical profilometry to determine individual scratch morphology. This multiscale image combination allowed comprehensive input of scratch-based damage patterns to an FE Archard wear model, to determine the wear acceleration associated with specific retrieval femoral heads. The wear algorithm imposed correspondingly elevated wear factors on areas of PE incrementally overpassed by individual scratches. Physical validation was provided by agreement with experimental data for custom-ruled scratch patterns. Illustrative wear acceleration results are presented for four retrieval femoral heads.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2014 Aug;17(11):1227-36. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2012.739168. Epub 2013 Jan 10.
Damage to the femoral head in total hip arthroplasty often takes the form of discrete scratches, which can lead to dramatic wear acceleration of the polyethylene (PE) liner. Here, a novel formulation is reported for finite element (FE) analysis of wear acceleration due to scratch damage. A diffused-
PMID 23305334

Influence of landmark and surgical variability on virtual assessment of total knee arthroplasty.

Dai Y1, Seebeck J, Henderson AD, Bischoff JE.Author information 1a Zimmer, Inc. , , P.O. Box 708, Warsaw , IN 46581-0708 , USA.AbstractGiven advances in recent years in imaging modalities and computational hardware/software, virtual analyses are increasingly valuable and practical for evaluating total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the influence of variabilities at each step in computational analyses on predictions of TKA performance for a population has not yet been thoroughly investigated, nor the relationship between these variabilities and expected variations in surgical practice. Understanding these influences is nevertheless essential for ensuring the clinical relevance of theoretical predictions. Here, a morphological analysis of proximal tibial resections within TKA is proposed and investigated. The goals of this analysis are to quantify the influence of variability in landmark detection on resection parameters and to evaluate this sensitivity relative to expected clinical variability in TKA resections. Results here are directly applicable to population-level computational analyses of morphological and functional TKA performance.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2014 Aug;17(10):1157-64. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2012.739160. Epub 2012 Dec 6.
Given advances in recent years in imaging modalities and computational hardware/software, virtual analyses are increasingly valuable and practical for evaluating total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the influence of variabilities at each step in computational analyses on predictions of TKA perfor
PMID 23216047

Subject-specific bone remodelling of the scapula.

Quental C1, Folgado J, Fernandes PR, Monteiro J.Author information 1a IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon , Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 , Lisbon , Portugal.AbstractFinite element analyses, with increasing levels of detail and complexity, are becoming effective tools to evaluate the performance of joint replacement prostheses and to predict the behaviour of bone. As a first step towards the study of the complications of shoulder arthroplasty, the aim of this work was the development and validation of a 3D finite element model of an intact scapula for the prediction of the bone remodelling process based on a previously published model that attempts to follow Wolff's law. The boundary conditions applied include full muscle and joint loads taken from a multibody system of the upper limb based on the same subject whose scapula was here analysed. To validate the bone remodelling simulations, qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the predicted and the specimen's bone density distribution were performed. The results showed that the bone remodelling model was able to successfully reproduce the actual bone density distribution of the analysed scapula.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2014 Aug;17(10):1129-43. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2012.738198. Epub 2012 Dec 5.
Finite element analyses, with increasing levels of detail and complexity, are becoming effective tools to evaluate the performance of joint replacement prostheses and to predict the behaviour of bone. As a first step towards the study of the complications of shoulder arthroplasty, the aim of this wo
PMID 23210487

Japanese Journal

症例報告大腿骨頚部/転子部骨折・骨接合術後化膿性股関節炎に対する二期的セメント人工股関節置換術の検討

岡本尚史,飯田寛和,中村知寿 [他]
臨床整形外科 48(1), 91-94, 2013-01
NAID 40019542029

臨床経験手術時間と人工膝関節置換術後深部感染

塚田幸行,星野明穂,島谷雅之 [他]
臨床整形外科 48(1), 77-80, 2013-01
NAID 40019541982

臨床室遅発性脊椎骨端異形成症による変形性股関節症にモジュラーステムを用いて人工股関節全置換術を施行した2例

滑川陽一,大鶴任彦,森田裕司 [他]
整形外科 = Orthopedic surgery 64(1), 39-42, 2013-01
NAID 40019538451

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「関節置換術」「関節形成」「関節形成術」「joint arthroplasty」
拡張検索	「hemiarthroplasty」「total replacement arthroplasty」