argot

WordNet

edible terrestrial snail usually served in the shell with a sauce of melted butter and garlic (同)snail

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(ある仲間の間で使われる,特に盗人の)隠語
エスカルゴ,食用カタツムリ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/20 11:25:15」(JST)

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An argot (English pronunciation: /ˈɑrɡoʊ/; from French argot [aʁˈɡo] ‘slang’) is a secret language used by various groups—e.g. schoolmates, outlaws, colleagues, among many others—to prevent outsiders from understanding their conversations. The term argot is also used to refer to the informal specialized vocabulary from a particular field of study, occupation, or hobby, in which sense it overlaps with jargon.

The author Victor Hugo was one of the first to research argot extensively.^[1] He describes it in his 1862 novel Les Misérables as the language of the dark; at one point, he says, "What is argot; properly speaking? Argot is the language of misery."

The earliest known record of the term argot in this context was in a 1628 document. The word was probably derived from the contemporary name, les argotiers, given to a group of thieves at that time.^[2]

Under the strictest definition, an argot is a proper language, with its own grammar and style. But such complete secret languages are rare, because the speakers usually have some public language in common, on which the argot is largely based. Such argots are mainly versions of another language, with a part of its vocabulary replaced by words unknown to the larger public; argot used in this sense is synonymous with cant. For example, argot in this sense is used for systems such as verlan and louchébem, which retain French syntax and apply transformations only to individual words (and often only to a certain subset of words, such as nouns, or semantic content words).^[3] Such systems are examples of argots à clef, or "coded argots."^[3]

Specific words can go from argot into common speech or the other way. For example, modern French loufoque ‘crazy, goofy’, now common usage, originates in the louchébem transformation of Fr. fou ‘crazy’.

Examples

"Piaf" is a Parisian argot word for “bird, sparrow”. It was taken up by the singer Edith Piaf as her stage name.^[4]

References

^ Schwartz, Robert M. "Interesting Facts about Convicts of France in the 19th Century". Mt. Holyoke University.
^ Guiraud, Pierre, L'Argot. Que sais-je?, Paris: PUF, 1958, p. 700
^ ^a ^b Valdman, Albert (May 2000). "La Langue des faubourgs et des banlieues: de l'argot au français populaire". The French Review (in French) (American Association of Teachers of French) 73 (6): 1179–1192. JSTOR 399371.
^ Judith Thurman (June 25, 2007). "French Blues". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 5, 2015.

External links

English Journal

[Deciphering the argots of the names of materia medica and its dosage in the Yi lin kou pu liu zhi mi shu (A Secret Medical Book of Six Therapies in Rhymes of Medical Professionals)].

Zhou J1, Lin S1, Liu S1.
Zhonghua yi shi za zhi (Beijing, China : 1980).Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi.2014 Nov;44(6):335-7.
Yi lin kou pu liu zhi mi shu (A Secret Medical Book of Six Therapies in Rhymes of Medical Professionals) was additionally compiled, supplemented and annotated by Zhou Sheng, a famous doctor of the Qing Dynasty, based on Yi lin kou pu (Rhymes of Medical Professionals) which was composed by Lu Qi. The
PMID 25620357

Gradual adaptation of bone structure to aquatic lifestyle in extinct sloths from Peru.

Amson E1, de Muizon C, Laurin M, Argot C, de Buffrénil V.
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society.Proc Biol Sci.2014 Mar 12;281(1782):20140192. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0192. Print 2014 May 7.
Non-pathological densification (osteosclerosis) and swelling (pachyostosis) of bones are the main modifications affecting the skeleton of land vertebrates (tetrapods) that returned to water. However, a precise temporal calibration of the acquisition of such adaptations is still wanting. Here, we ass
PMID 24621950

Two case reports of a malignant germ cell tumor of ovary and a granulosa cell tumor: interest of tumoral immunochemistry in the identification and management.

Bouquet de Jolinière J1, Ben Ali N1, Fadhlaoui A1, Dubuisson JB1, Guillou L2, Sutter A2, Betticher D3, Hoogewoud HM4, Feki A1.
Frontiers in oncology.Front Oncol.2014 May 9;4:97. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00097. eCollection 2014.
OBJECTIVE: In this article, we present two case reports. The first case was a malignant germ cell tumor of the right ovary in a 23-year old woman and the second case was a bilateral undifferentiated granulosa cell tumor in a 71-year old woman. The aim of these reports is to illustrate the interest o
PMID 24982844

Japanese Journal

コミュニケーションを媒介し生成する民族誌映画 : エチオピアの音楽職能集団と子供たちを対象とした映画制作と公開の事例より(<特集>人類学と映像実践の新たな時代に向けて)

文化人類学 80(1), 6-19, 2015-06-30
NAID 110009975212

第一次世界大戦小説における口語・俗語文体 : アンリ・バルビュス『砲火』のレアリスムについての一考察

関西フランス語フランス文学 (16), 64-76, 2010-03-31
NAID 110009458188

Guerre et langage : l'argot des tranchées <特集戦争と文学>

Bulletin of the Research Center for the Technique of Representation (4), 左1-左7, 2008-03-18
NAID 120000876382

Related Pictures

Argot Que Habla Fotos de archivo libres de regalías - Imagen: 35236258 Argot verlan | la vie franglophone File:Argot du film Argot - Picture of Argot, Rome - TripAdvisor Argot Roma, cocktail bar Campo de' Fiori French Slang - Argot Français | Pearltrees

[1] Schwartz, Robert M. "Interesting Facts about Convicts of France in the 19th Century". Mt. Holyoke University.

[2] Guiraud, Pierre, L'Argot. Que sais-je?, Paris: PUF, 1958, p. 700

[valdman-3] Valdman, Albert (May 2000). "La Langue des faubourgs et des banlieues: de l'argot au français populaire". The French Review (in French) (American Association of Teachers of French) 73 (6): 1179–1192. JSTOR 399371.

[4] Judith Thurman (June 25, 2007). "French Blues". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 5, 2015.

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