appertain

　

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/08/14 18:24:30」(JST)

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Appurtenances is a term for what belongs to and goes with something else, with the appurtenance being less significant than what it belongs to. The word ultimately derives from Latin appertinere, "to appertain".

In a legal context, an appurtenance could for instance refer to a back-yard that goes with the adjoining house. The idea being expressed is that the back-yard "belongs" to the house, which is the more significant of the two. In 1919, the Supreme Court of Minnesota adopted the following definition of an appurtenance: "That which belongs to something else. Something annexed to another thing more worthy." -- Cohen v Whitcomb, (1919 142 Minn 20).

In Gestalt theory, appurtenance (or "belongingness") is the relation between two things seen which exert influence on each other. For example, fields of color exert influence on each other. "A field part x is determined in its appearance by its 'appurtenance' to other field parts. The more x belongs to the field part y, the more will its whiteness be determined by the gradient xy, and the less it belongs to the part z, the less will its whiteness depend on the gradient xz."

In lexicology, an appurtenance is a modifier that is appended or prepended to another word to coin a new word that expresses "belongingness". In the English language, appurtenances are most commonly found in toponyms and demonyms, for example, 'Israeli', 'Bengali' etc. have an -i suffix of appurtenance.

See also

• Fixture (property law)
• Tenement (law)
• Contenement

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

English Journal

• Multiple object properties drive scene-selective regions.

• Troiani V1, Stigliani A, Smith ME, Epstein RA.Author information 1Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.AbstractNeuroimaging studies have identified brain regions that respond preferentially to specific stimulus categories, including 3 areas that activate maximally during viewing of real-world scenes: The parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial complex (RSC), and transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). Although these findings suggest the existence of regions specialized for scene processing, this interpretation is challenged by recent reports that activity in scene-preferring regions is modulated by properties of isolated single objects. To understand the mechanisms underlying these object-related responses, we collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data while subjects viewed objects rated along 7 dimensions, shown both in isolation and on a scenic background. Consistent with previous reports, we find that scene-preferring regions are sensitive to multiple object properties; however, results of an item analysis suggested just 2 independent factors-visual size and the landmark suitability of the objects-sufficed to explain most of the response. This object-based modulation was found in PPA and RSC irrespective of the presence or absence of a scenic background, but was only observed in TOS for isolated objects. We hypothesize that scene-preferring regions might process both visual qualities unique to scenes and spatial qualities that can appertain to either scenes or objects.
• Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991).Cereb Cortex.2014 Apr;24(4):883-97. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs364. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
• Neuroimaging studies have identified brain regions that respond preferentially to specific stimulus categories, including 3 areas that activate maximally during viewing of real-world scenes: The parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial complex (RSC), and transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). Alt
• PMID 23211209

• De novo NEMO gene deletion (delta4-10)--a cause of incontinentia pigmenti in a female infant: a case report.

• Culić V1, Gabrić D, Puizina-Ivić N, Rozman K, Peterlin B, Pavelić J.Author information 1Department for Medical Genetics, Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital Center "Split", Split, Croatia.AbstractIncontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare, inherited, multisystem genodermatosis. It is transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait. The disorder is a consequence of mutations in the NEMO gene (Xq28) that completely abolish expression of the NF-kappaB essential modulator. Here we present a female infant of healthy nonconsanguinous, young parents with a clinically evident first phase of IP. PCR analysis of patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes DNA was done for detection of NEMO delta4-10 deletion. Skin changes present at birth appertain to first inflammatory stage. However, a pathohistological feature of the skin biopsy showed second phase of disease. Genetic testing of diseased child revealed delta4-10 in NEMO gene. However, the assumption that the female child has familial IP was rejected as PCR performed on the mother's leukocytes did not record the presence of the same mutation. Moreover, the existence of a healthy male infant of the same mother as well as the lack of any phenotypic signs of the disease in other family members additionally support that IP was not inherited, but it was a consequence of de novo NEMO gene mutation. In conclusion, here we describe a Croatian female with clinical IP phenotype having de novo genomic rearrangements in the NEMO gene.
• Collegium antropologicum.Coll Antropol.2008 Dec;32(4):1259-62.
• Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare, inherited, multisystem genodermatosis. It is transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait. The disorder is a consequence of mutations in the NEMO gene (Xq28) that completely abolish expression of the NF-kappaB essential modulator. Here we present a female infant o
• PMID 19149237

• Orbital disproportionation and spin crossover as a pseudo Jahn-Teller effect.

• Garcia-Fernandez P1, Bersuker IB, Boggs JE.Author information 1Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0165, USA. garciapa@mail.utexas.eduAbstractIt is shown that in systems with electronic half-closed-shell configurations of degenerate orbitals, e(2) and t(3) (which have totally symmetric charge distribution), ground state distortions from high-symmetry geometries may occur due to a strong pseudo Jahn-Teller effect (PJTE) in the excited states, resulting also in a novel phenomenon of PJT-induced spin crossover. There is no JTE neither in the ground state term nor in the excited terms (including degenerate terms) of these configurations but a strong PJT mixing between two excited states [((1)E+(1)A) [cross-filled circle] e and ((2)T(1)+(2)T(2)) [cross-filled circle] e in the e(2) and t(3) cases, respectively] pushes down the lower term to cross the ground state of the undistorted system and to form the global minimum with a distorted geometry. The analysis of the electronic structure of this distorted configuration shows that it is accompanied by orbital disproportionation: instead of proportional population of all degenerate orbitals by one electron each (as in the ground state of the undistorted system that follows Hund's rule), two electrons with opposite spins occupy one orbital, resulting in transformations of the type (e(theta);e(epsilon))-->(e(theta)e(theta)) for e(2) and (t(x);t(y);t(z))-->(t(x);t(x);t(z)) for t(3) systems. Since the two geometry configurations, undistorted and distorted, appertain to different electronic terms that have different spin states, the formation of the global minimum with the distorted configuration is accompanied by a spin crossover. Distinguished from the known spin-crossover phenomenon in some transition metal compounds, the two states with different spin in the PJT-induced spin crossover have also different nuclear configurations, undistorted and distorted, that coexist with a relatively small energy difference. The change of configuration reduces significantly the rate of relaxation between the two states; the relaxation is further reduced by the lower spin-orbital coupling in the light-atom systems as compared with transition metal compounds. This means that there may be systems for which the switch between the two states (in both directions) under perturbations may be observed as a single-molecule phenomenon. Systems with half-closed-shell electronic configurations e(2) and t(3) are available in a variety of molecules from different classes, organic and inorganic; the theory is illustrated here by ab initio calculations for a series of molecular systems, including Si(3), Si(3)C, CuF(3), Na(3), Si(4), Na(4), Na(4) (-), and C(60) (3-), which are in agreement with the experimental data available.
• The Journal of chemical physics.J Chem Phys.2006 Sep 14;125(10):104102.
• It is shown that in systems with electronic half-closed-shell configurations of degenerate orbitals, e(2) and t(3) (which have totally symmetric charge distribution), ground state distortions from high-symmetry geometries may occur due to a strong pseudo Jahn-Teller effect (PJTE) in the excited stat
• PMID 16999510

Japanese Journal

• 養液栽培におけるバラの多量要素吸収とその季節的変動

• 竹田 義,高橋 克征
• 園芸学会雑誌 67(1), 116-122, 1998-01-15
• ノイバラ実生台木に切り接ぎした'ソニア'の接木苗を用いて水耕栽培を行い, 園試処方第1例培養液の高濃度と低濃度の2水準の濃度区を設定して多量要素の吸収濃度とその季節的な変化を周年にわたり調査した.バラの生育は最終ピンチを行った8月上旬までは, 培養液の濃度による差はなかったが, 切り花本数, 品質は高濃度区の方が優れた.培養液のpHはいずれの調査期間についても調査終了時には開始時よりも上昇し, そ …
• NAID 110001816023

• BASIC AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF LARYNGEAL NEBULIZATION THERAPY, WITH EMPHASIS ON INFLAMMATORY LARYNGEAL DISEASE

• 松永 喬
• 耳鼻咽喉科展望 39(Supplement2), 162-164, 1996
• … Today's symposium focused on confirming basic data regarding effective methods of laryngeal nebulization therapy and exchanging clinical data which indicate effective methods of nebulization therapy, effective drugs for nebulization therapy and cases responding well to this therapy, with emphasis laid on inflammatory laryngeal disease.<BR>The first four presentations appertain to the basics of laryngeal nebulization therapy. …
• NAID 130003794985

• Histological Studies on the Mammalian Thyroid Glands

• 友成 匡夫
• Ａｒｃｈｉｖｕｍ　ｈｉｓｔｏｌｏｇｉｃｕｍ　ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ 17(4), 497-523, 1959
• … The large follicles with the cytological feature of inactive partipation in colloidal formation and reabsorption because of the flattened epithelium would appertain to be storage type, whereas small follicles are provided with the elongated epithelial cells which would perform the synthersizing and releasing functions. …
• NAID 130003725398

Related Links

• appertain - definition of appertain by the Free Online Dictionary ...

intr.v. ap·per·tained, ap·per·tain·ing, ap·per·tains. To belong as a proper function or part; pertain: problems appertaining to social reform. [Middle English appertenen, from Old French apartenir, from Vulgar Latin *apparten re, from Late Latin ...

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