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《疑問文・条件節で》『だれか』;《否定文で》『だれも』 / 《肯定文で》『だれでも』 / 《否定文・疑問文・条件節で》偉い人,ひとかどの人間 / 《肯定文で複数に用いて》つまらない人,普通の人
=anybody

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/26 09:17:51」(JST)

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An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that refers to one or more unspecified beings, objects, or places.

List of English indefinite pronouns[edit]

Note that many of these words can function as other parts of speech too, depending on context. For example, in many disagree with his views the word "many" functions as an indefinite pronoun, while in many people disagree with his views it functions as a quantifier (a type of determiner) that qualifies the noun "people". Example sentences in which the word functions as an indefinite pronoun are given.

Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or plural. However, some of them can be singular in one context and plural in another. The most common indefinite pronouns are listed below, with examples, as singular, plural or singular/plural.

Notice that a singular pronoun takes a singular verb AND that any personal pronoun should also agree (in number and gender). Look at these examples:

Each of the players has a doctor. I met two girls. One has given me her phone number.

Similarly, plural pronouns need plural agreement: Many have expressed their views.

Table of indefinite pronouns[edit]

Number	Type	Negative	Universal	Assertive existential	Elective existential*	Other
Singular	Person	no one (also no-one), nobody – No one/Nobody thinks that you are mean	everyone, everybody – Everyone/Everybody had a cup of coffee.	someone, somebody – Someone/Somebody should fix that.	anyone, anybody – Anyone/Anybody can see this.	one – One might see it that way. See also generic you.
	Thing	nothing – Nothing is true.	everything – Everything is permitted	something – Something makes me want to dance.	anything – Anything can happen if you just believe.
			[Universal distributive:] each – From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.			another – Thanks, I'll have another. other – One was singing while the other played the piano. whatever – Take whatever you like. whichever – Choose whichever is better. whoever (archaic: whosoever) – Whoever did this? whomever (archaic: whomsoever) – Give this to whomever you wish. See also -ever and who-.
Dual		neither – In the end, neither was selected.	both – Both are guilty.		either – Either will do.
Plural						others – Others can worry about that.
Singular or plural		none – None of those people is related to me.^[1]	all – All is lost.	some – Some of the biscuits have been eaten.	any – Any will do.	such – Such is life.

*The elective existential pronouns are often used with negatives (I can't see anyone), and in questions (Is anyone coming?).

List of quantifier pronouns[edit]

English has the following quantifier pronouns:

Uncountable (thus, with a singular verb form)

enough – Enough is enough.
little – Little is known about this period of history.
less – Less is known about this period of history.
much – Much was discussed at the meeting.
more – More is better. (Also countable plural; see there.)
most – Most was rotten. (Usually specified, such as in most of the food.) (Also countable plural; see there.)

plenty – Thanks, that's plenty.

Countable, singular

one – One has got through. (Often modified or specified, such as in a single one, one of them etc.)

Countable, plural

several – Several were chosen.
few – Few were chosen.
fewer – Fewer are going to church these days.
many – Many were chosen.
more – More were ignored. (Often specified, such as in more of us.) (Also uncountable, see there.)
most – Most would agree. (Also uncountable, see there.)

Some people say that "none" should always take a singular verb, even when talking about countable nouns (e.g. five friends). They argue that "none" means "no one", and "one" is obviously singular. They say that "I invited five friends but none has come" is correct and "I invited five friends but none have come" is incorrect. Historically and grammatically there is little to support this view. "None" has been used for hundreds of years with both a singular and a plural verb, according to the context and the emphasis required.

Possessive forms[edit]

Some of the English indefinite pronouns above have possessive forms. These are made as for nouns, by adding 's, or just an apostrophe following a plural -s (see English possessive).

The most commonly encountered possessive forms of the above pronouns are:

one's, as in "One should mind one's own business".
those derived from the singular indefinite pronouns ending in -one or -body: nobody's, someone's, etc. (Those ending -thing can also form possessives, such as nothing's, but these are less common.)
whoever's, as in "We used whoever's phone that is."
those derived from other and its variants: the other's, another's, and the plural others': "We should not take others' possessions."
either's, neither's

Note that most of these forms are identical to a form representing the pronoun plus -'s as a contraction of is or has. Hence someone's may also mean someone is or someone has, as well as serving as a possessive.

Compound indefinite pronouns[edit]

Two indefinite pronouns can sometimes be used in combination together.

Examples: We should respect each other. People should love one another.

And they can also be made possessive by adding an apostrophe and s.

Examples: We should respect each other's beliefs. We were checking each other's work.

References[edit]

^ Some traditional grammars insist that "none" is always singular, but the plural sense is well established and widely accepted. See, for example, a blog entry by Michael Quinion or none in the Compact Oxford English Dictionary.

Haspelmath, Martin. 1997. Indefinite pronouns. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

External links[edit]

Look up indefinite pronoun in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Using Indefinite Pronouns

English Journal

Does anybody care that the crystalline lens never gets cancer?

Ullrich K, Casson RJ.
Clinical & experimental ophthalmology.Clin Experiment Ophthalmol.2013 Nov;41(8):812. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12114. Epub 2013 Apr 25.
PMID 23566233

The story of anybody, somebody, nobody and everybody.

Naylor AR, Ricco JB.
European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg.2013 Nov;46(5):506-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.11.003.
PMID 24160766

Voter models with contrarian agents.

Masuda N.Author information Department of Mathematical Informatics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.AbstractIn the voter and many other opinion formation models, agents are assumed to behave as congregators (also called the conformists); they are attracted to the opinions of others. In this study I investigate linear extensions of the voter model with contrarian agents. An agent is either congregator or contrarian and assumes a binary opinion. I investigate three models that differ in the behavior of the contrarian toward other agents. In model 1, contrarians mimic the opinions of other contrarians and oppose (i.e., try to select the opinion opposite to) those of congregators. In model 2, contrarians mimic the opinions of congregators and oppose those of other contrarians. In model 3, contrarians oppose anybody. In all models, congregators are assumed to like anybody. I show that even a small number of contrarians prohibits the consensus in the entire population to be reached in all three models. I also obtain the equilibrium distributions using the van Kampen small-fluctuation approximation and the Fokker-Planck equation for the case of many contrarians and a single contrarian, respectively. I show that the fluctuation around the symmetric coexistence equilibrium is much larger in model 2 than in models 1 and 3 when contrarians are rare.
Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys.2013 Nov;88(5-1):052803. Epub 2013 Nov 4.
In the voter and many other opinion formation models, agents are assumed to behave as congregators (also called the conformists); they are attracted to the opinions of others. In this study I investigate linear extensions of the voter model with contrarian agents. An agent is either congregator or c
PMID 24329314

Japanese Journal

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NAID 110009829069

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デザイン学研究作品集 19(19), 46-49, 2014-03-31
2012年6月より本格稼動を始めた成田空港デジタルサイネージシステムのデザイン開発を行なった。本作品は、「NARITA FRONTIER VISION」というコンセプトで世界に先駆ける圧倒的な大画面映像と日本的なおもてなしの心の演出を提案し、2011年8月に成田国際空港株式会社より受注したものである。「NARITA FRONTIER VISION」を構成する3つのキーワードとして(1)シームレス・ …
NAID 110009818815