adj.

鎮痒の、かゆみ止めの

n.

鎮痒薬、かゆみ止め

関: antipruritic agent、antipruritic drug、antipruritics

WordNet

a substance that relieves or prevents itching

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/07 00:31:17」(JST)

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Antipruritics, also known as anti-itch drugs, are medications that inhibit the itching (Latin: pruritus) often associated with sunburns, allergic reactions, eczema, psoriasis, chickenpox, fungal infections, insect bites and stings like those from mosquitoes, fleas, and mites, and contact dermatitis and urticaria caused by plants such as poison ivy (urushiol-induced contact dermatitis) or stinging nettle.

Common antipruritics

Topical antipruritics in the form of creams and sprays are often available over the counter. Oral anti-itch drugs also exist and are usually prescription drugs. The active ingredients usually belong to these classes:

Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone topical cream, see topical steroid
Local anesthetics such as benzocaine topical cream (Lanacane)
Counterirritants, such as mint oil, menthol, or camphor^[1]

Disputed and questionable antipruritics

Burow's solution, an astringent aqueous solution of aluminium acetate, is shown to soothe and to relieve itching.
Olive oil
Jewelweed has been shown to be devoid of any anti-itch activity in several controlled studies ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor are a class of medicines commonly used for depression, and are also said to be effective in controlling pruritus in a small number of refractory cases.^[6] Mirtazapine, a different type of antidepressant, also has antipruritic effects due to its strong antagonism of the H₁ receptor.
Calamine lotion, containing zinc oxide and iron(III) oxide, is a traditional remedy for mild itching, such as that typically associated with chicken pox – although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has asserted that it has little if any effect.^[7]^[8]
Paste of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and water, applied topically^[9]
Ammonium hydroxide (household ammonia), applied topically^[9] (However it can relieve some kinds of insect stings which itch, such as mosquito bites, by neutralizing an acid component of the sting.^{[citation needed]})
Papain-based topical creams.

Home remedies

Cooling with ice or cold water (usually stops the itch for as long as the ice or cold water is applied)^{[citation needed]}
Slightly painful stimulation such as rubbing, slapping, scratching, or heating based on a spinal antagonism between pain- and itch-processing neurons^{[citation needed]}
Pine tree gum applied to the affected areas for short periods of time can help in drawing out the oils and drying the skin.
Frequent washing of the affected areas in hot water with a drying soap removes oils that come to the surface as the blisters form and provides temporary relief from itching.
Lidocaine can help in reducing itching.
Applying emollients to the skin such as baby oil or petroleum jelly after showering

References

^ Hercogová J (2005). "Topical anti-itch therapy". Dermatologic therapy 18 (4): 341–3. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.00033.x. PMID 16297007.
^ D. Long, N. H. Ballentine, J. G. Marks. Treatment of poison ivy/oak allergic contact dermatitis with an extract of jewelweed. Am. J. Contact. Dermat. 8(3):150-3 1997 PMID 9249283
^ M. R. Gibson, F. T. Maher. Activity of jewelweed and its enzymes in the treatment of Rhus dermatitis. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 39(5):294-6 1950 PMID 15421925
^ J. D. Guin, R. Reynolds. Jewelweed treatment of poison ivy dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 6(4):287-8 1980 PMID 6447037
^ Zink, B. J.; Otten, E.J.; Rosenthal, M.; Singal, B (1991). "The Effect Of Jewel Weed In Preventing Poison Ivy Dermatitis". Journal of Wilderness Medicine 2 (3): 178–182. doi:10.1580/0953-9859-2.3.178. Retrieved 2008-01-16.
^ Lee CS, Koo J (2005). "Psychopharmacologic therapies in dermatology: an update". Dermatologic clinics 23 (4): 735–44. doi:10.1016/j.det.2005.05.015. PMID 16112451.
^ "American Topics. An Outdated Notion, That Calamine Lotion". Archived from the original on 19 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
^ Appel, L.M. Ohmart and R.F. Sterner, Zinc oxide: A new, pink, refractive microform crystal. AMA Arch Dermatol 73 (1956), pp. 316–324. PMID 13301048
^ ^a ^b Paul Tawrell, Wilderness Camping and Hiking(Falcon Distribution, 2008), 212.

External links

Frontiers in pruritus research: scratching the brain for more effective itch therapy J. Clin. Invest. 116:1174–1185 (2006). DOI 10.1172/JCI28553

UpToDate Contents

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1. アトピー性皮膚炎（湿疹）の治療 treatment of atopic dermatitis eczema
2. 成人における刺激性接触皮膚炎 irritant contact dermatitis in adults
3. そう痒症：マネージメントの概要 pruritus overview of management
4. 乾癬の治療 treatment of psoriasis
5. 尿毒症性そう痒症 uremic pruritus

English Journal

Management of symptom complexes in primary biliary cholangitis.

Kuo A1, Kuo A, Bowlus CL.
Current opinion in gastroenterology.Curr Opin Gastroenterol.2016 May;32(3):204-9. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000254.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare autoimmune liver disease that increasingly is diagnosed at early stages of disease. Although survival has improved, a majority suffers from one or more symptom complexes associated with PBC. Much remains unknown about the mechanisms, sig
PMID 26825590

Advances in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pruritus.

Stull C1, Lavery MJ1, Yosipovitch G1.
Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy.Expert Opin Pharmacother.2016 Apr;17(5):671-87. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2016.1127355. Epub 2015 Dec 23.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic pruritus is a common symptom that arises from both dermatologic and non-dermatologic conditions including chronic kidney disease, cholestasis, lymphoma and neuropathy. Over the past decade, research has elucidated many of the receptors, neuropeptides and cytokines involved in i
PMID 26630350

Serum Autotaxin Activity Correlates With Pruritus in Pediatric Cholestatic Disorders.

Kremer AE1, Gonzales E, Schaap FG, Oude Elferink RP, Jacquemin E, Beuers U.
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.2016 Apr;62(4):530-5. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001044.
OBJECTIVE: Pruritus is a common symptom of cholestatic liver disorders. The present study aimed at evaluating autotaxin (ATX), a lysophospholipase recently identified as potential cause for cholestatic pruritus, in pediatric cholestatic diseases presenting with or without itching.METHODS: A cohort o
PMID 26628447

Japanese Journal

オキシコドンが肝臓がんによる黄疸の掻痒に著効した1例

舘野佑樹
Palliative Care Research 9(4), 510-513, 2014
【症例】肝臓がんによる黄疸の難治性掻痒感に対してオキシコドンが著効した，59歳男性の1治療例につき報告する．【考察】掻痒感は悪性腫瘍の合併症として，時に問題となる．掻痒感の発生機序は依然不明な点が多いが，内因性オピオイドやオピオイドレセプターが病態に関わっていることが示唆されている．掻痒感のない患者へのオキシコドンなどμオピオイドレセプターアゴニストの全身投与の副作用として掻痒感が知られている．し …
NAID 130004705353

Milnacipran Inhibits Itch-Related Responses in Mice Through the Enhancement of Noradrenergic Transmission in the Spinal Cord

Andoh Tsugunobu,Gotoh Yoshikazu,Kuraishi Yasushi
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 123(2), 199-202, 2013
… We investigated whether milnacipran, a serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, exhibits an antipruritic effect through the spinal action in mice. …
NAID 130003382598

Treatment of the Chronic Itch of Atopic Dermatitis Using Standard Drugs and Kampo Medicines

Yamashita Hirotaka,Tanaka Hiroyuki,Inagaki Naoki
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36(8), 1253-1257, 2013
… Basic experimental reports indicated that the antipruritic effect of tacrolimus is probably dependent on depleting substance P, followed by transient induction. …
NAID 130003361500

「鎮痒薬」

　　[★]

英: antipruritic、antipruritic agent、antipruritic drug
関: かゆみ止め、鎮痒

「かゆみ止め」

　　[★]

英: antipruritic、antipruritic
関: 鎮痒薬、鎮痒

「鎮痒」

　　[★]

英: antipruritic
関: かゆみ止め、鎮痒薬

「antipruritic drug」

　　[★]

鎮痒薬

関: antipruritic、antipruritic agent、antipruritics

「antipruritic agent」

　　[★]

鎮痒薬

関: antipruritic、antipruritic drug、antipruritics

「antipruritics」

　　[★]

鎮痒薬、かゆみ止め

関: antipruritic、antipruritic agent、antipruritic drug

[Hercogova-1] Hercogová J (2005). "Topical anti-itch therapy". Dermatologic therapy 18 (4): 341–3. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.00033.x. PMID 16297007.

[2] D. Long, N. H. Ballentine, J. G. Marks. Treatment of poison ivy/oak allergic contact dermatitis with an extract of jewelweed. Am. J. Contact. Dermat. 8(3):150-3 1997 PMID 9249283

[3] M. R. Gibson, F. T. Maher. Activity of jewelweed and its enzymes in the treatment of Rhus dermatitis. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 39(5):294-6 1950 PMID 15421925

[4] J. D. Guin, R. Reynolds. Jewelweed treatment of poison ivy dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 6(4):287-8 1980 PMID 6447037

[5] Zink, B. J.; Otten, E.J.; Rosenthal, M.; Singal, B (1991). "The Effect Of Jewel Weed In Preventing Poison Ivy Dermatitis". Journal of Wilderness Medicine 2 (3): 178–182. doi:10.1580/0953-9859-2.3.178. Retrieved 2008-01-16.

[pmid16112451-6] Lee CS, Koo J (2005). "Psychopharmacologic therapies in dermatology: an update". Dermatologic clinics 23 (4): 735–44. doi:10.1016/j.det.2005.05.015. PMID 16112451.

[7] "American Topics. An Outdated Notion, That Calamine Lotion". Archived from the original on 19 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-19.

[8] Appel, L.M. Ohmart and R.F. Sterner, Zinc oxide: A new, pink, refractive microform crystal. AMA Arch Dermatol 73 (1956), pp. 316–324. PMID 13301048

[Paul_Tawrell_2008-9] Paul Tawrell, Wilderness Camping and Hiking(Falcon Distribution, 2008), 212.

リンク元	「鎮痒薬」「かゆみ止め」「鎮痒」
拡張検索	「antipruritic drug」「antipruritic agent」
関連記事	「antipruritics」

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antipruritic