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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/13 22:00:44」(JST)

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schematic representation of antibody.

Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are antibodies often directed against cardiolipin and found in several diseases, including syphilis,^[1] antiphospholipid syndrome, livedoid vasculitis, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, Behçet's syndrome,^[2] idiopathic spontaneous abortion,^[3] and systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).^[4] They are a form of anti-mitochondrial antibody. In SLE, anti-DNA antibodies and anti-cardiolipin antibodies may be present individually or together; the two types of antibodies act independently.^[5] This is in contrast to rheumatoid arthritis^[6] with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)^[7] because anti-cardiolipin antibodies are present in both conditions, and therefore may tie the two conditions together.

Anti-cardiolipin antibodies can be classified in two ways.

As IgM, IgG or IgA
As β₂-glycoprotein dependent or independent
- In autoimmune disease ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein dependent
- syphilis ACA^[1] are beta-2 glycoprotein independent and can be assayed using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test

Apolipoprotein H involvement

β₂-glycoprotein I has been identified as Apolipoprotein H and is required for the recognition of ACA in autoimmune disease.^[8] Only a subset of autoimmune anti-cardiolipin antibodies bind Apo-H, these anti-apolipoprotein antibodies are associated with increased thrombosis.

References

^ ^a ^b Tringali GR, Julian AJ, Halbert WM (1969). "Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol treatment on anticardiolipin reactivity in sera from syphilitics and false positive reactors". The British journal of venereal diseases 45 (3): 202–4. doi:10.1136/sti.45.3.202. PMC 1048465. PMID 5346419.
^ Hull RG, Harris EN, Gharavi AE et al. (1984). "Anticardiolipin antibodies: occurrence in Behçet's syndrome". Ann. Rheum. Dis. 43 (5): 746–748. doi:10.1136/ard.43.5.746. PMC 1001520. PMID 6497467.
^ Petri M, Golbus M, Anderson R, Whiting-O'Keefe Q, Corash L, Hellmann D (1987). "Antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, and anticardiolipin antibody in women with idiopathic habitual abortion. A controlled, prospective study of forty-four women". Arthritis Rheum. 30 (6): 601–606. doi:10.1002/art.1780300601. PMID 3111489.
^ Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Boey ML et al. (1983). "Anticardiolipin antibodies: detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus". Lancet 2 (8361): 1211–1214. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)91267-9. PMID 6139567.
^ Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Loizou S et al. (1985). "Crossreactivity of antiphospholipid antibodies". Journal of clinical & laboratory immunology 16 (1): 1–6. PMID 3981615.
^ Keane A, Woods R, Dowding V, Roden D, Barry C (1987). "Anticardiolipin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis". Br. J. Rheumatol. 26 (5): 346–350. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/26.5.346. PMID 3664159.
^ Malia RG, Greaves M, Rowlands LM et al. (1988). "Anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic sclerosis: immunological and clinical associations". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 73 (3): 456–60. PMC 1541778. PMID 2974767.
^ McNeil HP, Simpson RJ, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA (1990). "Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (11): 4120–4124. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.11.4120. PMC 54059. PMID 2349221.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 抗リン脂質抗体症候群の診断 diagnosis of the antiphospholipid syndrome
2. 抗リン脂質抗体症候群の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome
3. 抗リン脂質抗体症候群の治療 treatment of the antiphospholipid syndrome
4. 抗リン脂質抗体症候群を伴う女性の妊娠 pregnancy in women with antiphospholipid syndrome
5. 抗リン脂質抗体症候群の病因 pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome

English Journal

Frequency of vascular and pregnancy morbidity in patients with low vs. moderate-to-high titers of antiphospholipid antibodies.

Ofer-Shiber S1, Molad Y.
Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis.Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis.2015 Apr;26(3):261-6. doi: 10.1097/MBC.0000000000000218.
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) is an autoimmune hypercoagulable syndrome characterized by thrombotic and obstetric manifestations. We sought to determine the rate of APLS feature in patients tested positive for antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) regardless of the serum level of anticardiolipin (AC
PMID 25526601

Thrombophilic risk factors are uncommon in young patients with retinal vein occlusion.

Ahluwalia J1, Rao S, Varma S, Gupta A, Bose S, Masih J, Das R, Kumar N, Naseem S, Sharma P, Sachdeva MU, Varma N.
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.).Retina.2015 Apr;35(4):715-9. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000366.
PURPOSE: To study the thrombotic factors, namely deficiencies of plasma proteins C, S, and antithrombin, factor V Leiden mutation, and positivity for antiphospholipid antibodies in young patients with retinal vein occlusion.METHODS: The thrombophilia parameters listed above were analyzed from the la
PMID 25299970

Increased mortality in patients with the lupus anticoagulant: the Vienna Lupus Anticoagulant and Thrombosis Study (LATS).

Gebhart J1, Posch F1, Koder S1, Perkmann T2, Quehenberger P2, Zoghlami C1, Ay C1, Pabinger I3.
Blood.Blood.2015 Mar 25. pii: blood-2014-11-611129. [Epub ahead of print]
Data on the clinical course of lupus anticoagulant (LA) positive individuals with or without thrombotic manifestations or pregnancy complications are limited. To investigate mortality rates and factors that might influence mortality, we conducted a prospective observational study of LA positive indi
PMID 25810488

Japanese Journal

Presence of Antiphospholipid Antibodies as a Risk Factor for Thrombotic Events in Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases and Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Internal Medicine 55(6), 589-595, 2016
NAID 130005138059

本邦における抗リン脂質抗体症候群関連妊娠合併症の診療の実際：内科医への質問表調査から

日本臨床免疫学会会誌 38(6), 457-465, 2015
NAID 130005149340

完全自動化測定器による抗リン脂質抗体測定の意義

日本臨床免疫学会会誌 38(3), 157-163, 2015
NAID 130005089221

「anticardiolipin」

　　[★]

adj.

抗カルジオリピンの

関: cardiolipin

[pmid5346419-1] Tringali GR, Julian AJ, Halbert WM (1969). "Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol treatment on anticardiolipin reactivity in sera from syphilitics and false positive reactors". The British journal of venereal diseases 45 (3): 202–4. doi:10.1136/sti.45.3.202. PMC 1048465. PMID 5346419.

[pmid6497467-2] Hull RG, Harris EN, Gharavi AE et al. (1984). "Anticardiolipin antibodies: occurrence in Behçet's syndrome". Ann. Rheum. Dis. 43 (5): 746–748. doi:10.1136/ard.43.5.746. PMC 1001520. PMID 6497467.

[pmid3111489-3] Petri M, Golbus M, Anderson R, Whiting-O'Keefe Q, Corash L, Hellmann D (1987). "Antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, and anticardiolipin antibody in women with idiopathic habitual abortion. A controlled, prospective study of forty-four women". Arthritis Rheum. 30 (6): 601–606. doi:10.1002/art.1780300601. PMID 3111489.

[pmid6139567-4] Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Boey ML et al. (1983). "Anticardiolipin antibodies: detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus". Lancet 2 (8361): 1211–1214. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)91267-9. PMID 6139567.

[pmid3981615-5] Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Loizou S et al. (1985). "Crossreactivity of antiphospholipid antibodies". Journal of clinical & laboratory immunology 16 (1): 1–6. PMID 3981615.

[pmid3664159-6] Keane A, Woods R, Dowding V, Roden D, Barry C (1987). "Anticardiolipin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis". Br. J. Rheumatol. 26 (5): 346–350. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/26.5.346. PMID 3664159.

[pmid2974767-7] Malia RG, Greaves M, Rowlands LM et al. (1988). "Anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic sclerosis: immunological and clinical associations". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 73 (3): 456–60. PMC 1541778. PMID 2974767.

[pmid2349221-8] McNeil HP, Simpson RJ, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA (1990). "Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (11): 4120–4124. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.11.4120. PMC 54059. PMID 2349221.

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anticardiolipin antibodies