WordNet

use recreational drugs (同)do drugs
administer a drug to; "They drugged the kidnapped tourist" (同)dose
a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic
not in favor of (an action or proposal etc.)
a person who is opposed (to an action or policy or practice etc.); "the antis smelled victory after a long battle"
social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers (同)emmet, pismire

PrepTutorEJDIC

『薬』,薬品,薬剤 / 『麻薬』,麻酔剤 / 〈人〉‘に'薬(特に麻酔剤)を与える / 〈飲食物〉‘に'(麻酔薬・毒薬などの)薬を混ぜる
《話》(特定の慣習・政策・行動などに)反対する人
『アリ』
=ain't
(次にくる語の発音が母音で始まるときに用いる) / (子音[h]で始まり第1音節に強勢のない語の場合はanを用いることがある.ただし,この場合は[h]を発音しない)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 非HIV感染患者におけるニューモシスチス肺炎の疫学、臨床症状、および診断 epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia in non hiv infected patients
2. 多発血管炎性肉芽腫症および顕微鏡的多発血管炎における初期免疫抑制療法 initial immunosuppressive therapy in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis
3. 非HIV感染患者におけるニューモシスチス肺炎の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia in non hiv infected patients
4. Treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis infection in HIV-infected patients
5. リウマチ性疾患および腎疾患におけるシクロホスファミドの使用の一般原則 general principles of the use of cyclophosphamide in rheumatic and renal disease

English Journal

Analogs of pentamidine as potential anti-Pneumocystis chemotherapeutics.

Maciejewska D1, Zabinski J, Kaźmierczak P, Rezler M, Krassowska-Świebocka B, Collins MS, Cushion MT.Author information 1Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry, Banacha 1 Str., 02 097 Warsaw, Poland. dmaciejewska@wum.edu.plAbstractA series of 20 pentamidine analogs were prepared using 2 general Schemes that evaluated heteroatoms, sulfobenzene and alkanediamide groups in the aliphatic linker and methoxy substituents attached to the benzene rings for efficacy against the fungal pathogen, Pneumocystis carinii in an ATP bioassay. All but one of the 20 bisamidines reduced the ATP content of the P. carinii over the 72 h of the assay period. The highest activities were associated with the lack of methoxy groups and the presence of the O, N and S heteroatoms. Activity (IC(50)) for compounds 1, 5, 6, 10 ranged from 1.1 to 2.13 μM. The compound 11 with similar activity (1.33 μM), bears a sulfobenzene group at a nitrogen in the aliphatic linker. The alkanediamide-linked bisbenzamidines showed a moderate inhibition of ATP. Generally, the inclusion of a heteroatom in the aliphatic linker and absence of methoxy groups at the benzene rings were associated with higher activities in this assay. Of note, most of the compounds had little to no cytotoxicity in mammalian cell cultures. Although not quite as potent as other pentamidine derivatives, these compounds hold promise for decreased side effects within the mammalian host.
European journal of medicinal chemistry.Eur J Med Chem.2012 Feb;48:164-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.010. Epub 2011 Dec 13.
A series of 20 pentamidine analogs were prepared using 2 general Schemes that evaluated heteroatoms, sulfobenzene and alkanediamide groups in the aliphatic linker and methoxy substituents attached to the benzene rings for efficacy against the fungal pathogen, Pneumocystis carinii in an ATP bioassay.
PMID 22200403

Susceptibility of Pneumocystis to echinocandins in suspension and biofilm cultures.

Cushion MT1, Collins MS.Author information 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Melanie.cushion@va.govAbstractThe targeted inhibition of cyst but not trophic development by anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin on Pneumocystis murina and Pneumocystis carinii in rodent models of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was recently reported by us (M. T. Cushion et al., PLoS One 5:e8524, 2010). To better understand the effects of echinocandins on P. carinii, the same three compounds were evaluated in standard suspension and biofilm cultures supplemented with various concentrations of sera using the measurement of ATP as the indicator. In suspension cultures with 1 and 5% serum, anidulafungin was the most active compound but 10 and 20% serum abrogated the efficacy of all three echinocandins. Established biofilm cultures that included both the nonadherent and adherent phases were more resistant to micafungin than caspofungin regardless of serum concentration, while anidulafungin had significant activity at 1 and 5% serum concentrations. Nascent biofilms were mostly affected by anidulafungin in 1 and 5% serum, but none of the compounds showed significant activity in 20% serum. We show for the first time that (i) echinocandins differ in their abilities to deplete the ATP of Pneumocystis in biofilms and in suspension cultures, (ii) this variability mostly reflected the reported efficacies in animal models of infection, and (iii) high serum levels decreased the anti-Pneumocystis activities of the echinocandins in both in vitro systems.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2011 Oct;55(10):4513-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00017-11. Epub 2011 Jul 25.
The targeted inhibition of cyst but not trophic development by anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin on Pneumocystis murina and Pneumocystis carinii in rodent models of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was recently reported by us (M. T. Cushion et al., PLoS One 5:e8524, 2010). To better und
PMID 21788469

Antifungal and cytotoxic activity of withanolides from Acnistus arborescens.

Roumy V1, Biabiany M, Hennebelle T, Aliouat el M, Pottier M, Joseph H, Joha S, Quesnel B, Alkhatib R, Sahpaz S, Bailleul F.Author information 1Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA4481 (GRIIOT), Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite Lille Nord de France (Lille 2), Lille Cedex, France. vincent.roumy@univ-lille2.frAbstractThree compounds were isolated from Acnistus arborescens, a tree commonly used in South and Central America in traditional medicine against several infectious diseases, some of which are caused by fungi. Bioassay-guided fractionation of a MeOH extract of leaves, based on its anti-Pneumocystis carinii activity, led to the isolation of compounds 1-3. Mono- and bidimensional NMR analyses enabled identification of two new withanolides, (20R,22R)-5beta,6beta-epoxy-4beta,12beta,20-trihydroxy-1-oxowith-2-en-24-enolide (1) and (20R,22R)-16beta-acetoxy-3beta,4beta;5beta,6beta-diepoxy-12beta,20-dihydroxy-1-oxowith-24-enolide (2), and withanolide D (3). Antifungal activity on 13 fungi responsible for human infections (five dermatophytes, one nondermatophyte mold, six yeasts, and Pneumocystis carinii) was examined. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was also evaluated in vitro.
Journal of natural products.J Nat Prod.2010 Jul 23;73(7):1313-7. doi: 10.1021/np100201p.
Three compounds were isolated from Acnistus arborescens, a tree commonly used in South and Central America in traditional medicine against several infectious diseases, some of which are caused by fungi. Bioassay-guided fractionation of a MeOH extract of leaves, based on its anti-Pneumocystis carinii
PMID 20590148