WordNet

acting to neutralize acid (especially in the stomach)
an agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity (especially in the stomach) (同)gastric antacid, alkalizer, alkaliser, antiacid

PrepTutorEJDIC

(特に胃の中で)酸を中和する / (特に胃の)酸中和剤,制酸剤

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/06 15:28:11」(JST)

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Antacid tablets

An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity.

Medical uses

Wyeth amphojel tablets of aluminum hydroxide.

Antacids are available over the counter and are taken by mouth to quickly relieve occasional heartburn, the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease, or acid indigestion. Treatment with antacids alone is symptomatic and only justified for minor symptoms.^[1]

Antacids are distinct from acid-reducing drugs like H2-receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors and they do not kill the bacteria, Helicobacter pylori, which causes most ulcers.^[1]

Side effects

Versions with magnesium may cause diarrhea, and brands with calcium or aluminium may cause constipation and rarely, long-term use may cause kidney stones. Long term use of versions with aluminum may increase the risk for getting osteoporosis.^[2]

Mechanism of action

Antacids contain alkaline ions that directly neutralize stomach gastric acid.^[3]

Some well-known antacid brands

Antacids are generally a chemical salt of an alkaline ion and a counterion, as shown in the table below. The alkaline ion is generally bicarbonate but may also be hydroxide.

Product	Alkaline ion	Aluminium	Calcium	Magnesium	Potassium	Sodium
Alka-Seltzer	bicarbonate				X	X
Andrews Antacid	bicarbonate		X
Brioschi	bicarbonate					X
Equate	bicarbonate	X	X	X
Maalox (liquid)	bicarbonate	X		X
Maalox (tablet)	bicarbonate	X
Milk of Magnesia	hydroxide			X
Pepto-Bismol	unknown
Pepto-Bismol Children’s	bicarbonate		X
Rennie (tablets)	bicarbonate		X	X
Rolaids	bicarbonate		X	X
Tums	carbonate		X
Mylanta	hydroxide	X		X
Eno	bicarbonate					X
Gaviscon	bicarbonate		X			X
Gelusil	hydroxide	X		X

References

^ ^a ^b U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 23 September 2011 Consumer Summary - Treatment Options for GERD or Acid Reflux Disease: A Review of the Research for Adults
^ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Page last updated: 07 November 2014 Medline Plus: Taking Antacids
^ Zajac, P; Holbrook, A; Super, ME; Vogt, M (March–April 2013). "An overview: Current clinical guidelines for the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and management of dyspepsia". Osteopathic Family Physician 5 (2): 79–85. doi:10.1016/j.osfp.2012.10.005.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Brief Report: Meta-analysis of Antacid Use and Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for the Aluminum Hypothesis.

Virk SA1, Eslick GD.
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.).Epidemiology.2015 Sep;26(5):769-73. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000326.
BACKGROUND: Exposure to aluminum remains a controversial risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Antacids are aluminum-rich medications that are widely used in substantial amounts, but their association with Alzheimer's disease has not been systematically quantified.METHODS: We conducted electronic sea
PMID 26098935

Risk for Clostridium difficile infection after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Analysis of a contemporary series.

Liu NW1, Shatagopam K2, Monn MF2, Kaimakliotis HZ2, Cary C2, Boris RS2, Mellon MJ2, Masterson TA2, Foster RS2, Gardner TA2, Bihrle R2, House MG2, Koch MO2.
Urologic oncology.Urol Oncol.2015 Aug 13. pii: S1078-1439(15)00350-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.07.007. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION: This study seeks to evaluate the incidence and associated risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a single institution׳s bladder cancer database including all patients
PMID 26278363

Antacid activity of Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew.

Christensen CB1, Soelberg J2, Jäger AK3.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2015 Aug 2;171:1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.026. Epub 2015 May 25.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew (Urticaceae) was historically ingested together with chalk by pregnant women in Ghana when suffering from heartburn. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antacid activity of the aerial parts of L. aestuans.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aerial
PMID 26023029

Adverse effects reported in the use of gastroesophageal reflux disease treatments in children: a 10 years literature review.

Cohen S1,2,3, Bueno de Mesquita M1,2, Mimouni FB2,3,4.
British journal of clinical pharmacology.Br J Clin Pharmacol.2015 Aug;80(2):200-8. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12619. Epub 2015 Jun 11.
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is commonly observed in children, particularly during the first year of life. Pharmacological therapy is mostly reserved for symptomatic infants diagnosed with GER disease (GERD), usually as defined in a recent consensus statement. The purpose of the present article was
PMID 25752807