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an infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea

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赤痢

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/31 08:36:12」(JST)

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Amoebic dysentery (or amebic dysentery) is a type of dysentery caused primarily by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica.^[1] Amoebic dysentery is transmitted through contaminated food and water. Amoebae spread by forming infective cysts which can be found in stools, and spread if whoever touches them does not sanitize their hands. There are also free amoebae, or trophozoites, that do not form cysts, however trophozoites do not survive long outside of the human gastrointestinal tract, and are a purely diagnostic observation. Trophozoites are the agent responsible for symptoms.

Amoebic dysentery is most common in developing countries although it is occasionally seen in industrialized countries, and not just in travellers. Although it is commonly associated with tropical climates, the first documented case was in St Petersburg, Russia. Amoebic dysentery is often confused with "traveler's diarrhea", or "Montezuma's Revenge" in Mexico, because of the prevalence of both in developing nations. In fact, most traveller's diarrhea is bacterial or viral in origin. Liver infection, and subsequent amoebic abscesses can occur. Blood may be present in stool.

It can be considered equivalent to intestinal amoebiasis.^[2]

Causes[edit]

Amoebic dysentery is caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, found in contaminated food and drinks.

Treatment[edit]

Amoebic dysentery can be treated with metronidazole but must be followed up with a second lumenal drug to eliminate amoebae from the intestine (see Amoebiasis for more detail). Amoebic dysentery does not have a vaccine, but can be avoided.

Symptoms[edit]

Common Symptoms[edit]

Violent diarrhea, often accompanied with blood and/or mucus in the stool, foul-smelling stools, indigestion, frequent flatulence (gas and abdominal bloating), Dehydration (can be prevented by drinking large amounts of vital liquids), and sometimes severe abdominal cramps and tenderness on the stomach, weight loss, anemia, moderate fever, fatigue (an effect of dehydration) and mild chills. These can also be caused by or result in other diseases.

Unrelated Symptoms[edit]

The amoebae may be then carried in the blood to the liver resulting in the formation of an abscess that presents the following symptoms: fever, chills, mild diarrhea, pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen, jaundice, weight loss and hepatomegaly.

References[edit]

^ Amebic Dysentery at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ "amebic dysentery" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/AmoebicDysentery_Symptoms.htm#ixzz2Bn0Q2wQV

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1. 赤痢アメーバによる腸菅アメーバ症 intestinal entamoeba histolytica amebiasis
2. 赤痢アメーバによる腸菅外アメーバ症 extraintestinal entamoeba histolytica amebiasis
3. 発展途上国における成人の急性下痢に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with acute diarrhea in developing countries
4. 発展途上国での急性下痢の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with acute diarrhea in developing countries
5. 先進国における急性下痢の疫学および原因 epidemiology and causes of acute diarrhea in developed countries

English Journal

Evaluation of Entamoeba histolytica recombinant phosphoglucomutase protein for serodiagnosis of amoebic liver abscess.

Ning TZ, Kin WW, Noordin R, Cun ST, Chong FP, Mohamed Z, Olivos-Garcia A, Huat LB.SourceSchool of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
BMC infectious diseases.BMC Infect Dis.2013 Mar 21;13:144. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-144.
BACKGROUND: Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most frequent clinical presentation of extra-intestinal amoebiasis. The diagnosis of ALA is typically based on the developing clinical symptoms, characteristic changes on radiological imaging and serology. Numerous serological tests have been introduced
PMID 23514636

Histopathologic study of the rectum in 1,438 consecutive rectal specimens in a single Japanese hospital: I. benign lesions.

Terada T.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital Shizuoka, Japan. piyo0111jp@yahoo.co.jp
International journal of clinical and experimental pathology.Int J Clin Exp Pathol.2013;6(3):349-57. Epub 2013 Feb 15.
The author investigated histopathology of 1,438 consecutive rectal specimens in the last 10 years of our pathology laboratory in Japan. A computer review of pathologic reports was done. Observations of pathologic slides were performed, when appropriate. The rectal specimens were composed of 1,022 be
PMID 23412670

Diagnostic accuracy of indirect immunofluorescence assay for intestinal invasive amebiasis and impact of HIV infection in a non-endemic country.

Nagata N, Shimbo T, Akiyama J, Niikura R, Watanabe K, Oka S, Uemura N.SourceDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan. nnagata_ncgm@yahoo.co.jp
Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease.Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.2012 Dec;74(4):374-8. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.08.020. Epub 2012 Sep 25.
To diagnose amebic colitis (AC), serologic tests have the advantage of being inexpensive, noninvasive, and easy to perform, but few studies have investigated their utility, especially in a non-endemic country. A total of 299 symptomatic patients (165 HIV-infected patients) who underwent endoscopy an
PMID 23017259