aldicarb

アルディカーブ、アルジカルブ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/28 17:25:28」(JST)

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Aldicarb

Names
IUPAC name 2-Methyl-2-(methylthio)propanal O-(N-methylcarbamoyl)oxime
Other names Temik
Identifiers
CAS Number	116-06-3 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL91732 Y
ChemSpider	7844539 Y
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
KEGG	C11015 Y
PubChem	9570071
UNII	8V071SH05P Y
InChI InChI=1S/C7H14N2O2S/c1-7(2,12-4)5-9-11-6(10)8-3/h5H,1-4H3,(H,8,10)/b9-5+ Y Key: QGLZXHRNAYXIBU-WEVVVXLNSA-N Y InChI=1/C7H14N2O2S/c1-7(2,12-4)5-9-11-6(10)8-3/h5H,1-4H3,(H,8,10)/b9-5+ Key: QGLZXHRNAYXIBU-WEVVVXLNBS
SMILES O=C(O\N=C\C(SC)(C)C)NC
Properties
Chemical formula	C7H14N2O2S
Molar mass	190.26 g·mol−1
Density	1.195 g/cm³
Melting point	100 °C (212 °F; 373 K)
Boiling point	Decomposes before boiling point
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Aldicarb is a carbamate insecticide which is the active substance in the pesticide Temik. It is effective against thrips, aphids, spider mites, lygus, fleahoppers, and leafminers, but is primarily used as a nematicide. Aldicarb is a cholinesterase inhibitor which prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synapse. In case of severe poisoning, the victim dies of respiratory failure.

Aldicarb is one of the most widely used pesticides internationally, and is also one of the most environmentally toxic. Aldicarb poisoning from agricultural water runoff has led to the destruction of healthy ecosystems and the irreversible poisoning of fertile agricultural land. Poisoning from this pesticide is also believed to be linked to high cancer rates in communities located around the Aral Sea.

Aldicarb is effective where resistance to organophosphate insecticides has developed, and is extremely important in potato production, where it is used for the control of soil-borne nematodes and some foliar pests. Its high level of solubility restricts its use in certain areas where the water table is close to the surface.

Regulatory status

Aldicarb was approved by the USEPA for use by professional pesticide applicators on a variety of crops, including cotton, beans, and others. It is not approved for household use.

Aldicarb was one of the "dirty dozen" pesticides that the environmental group Pesticide Action Network North America targeted in 1985. EPA put a ban on the main aldicarb pesticide, Temik 15G (Produced by Bayer CropScience), in 2010, requiring an end to distribution by 2017. Use on citrus and potatoes was banned beginning in 2012, with a complete phase out of the product expected by 2018. Despite this, a new aldicarb pesticide named Meymik 15G, produced by AgLogic Chemical, was approved by the EPA in December 2011 and is said to be entering the market in 2015. It will be registered for use on cotton, dry beans, peanuts, soybeans, sugar beets, and sweet potatoes.

"Tres Pasitos", a mouse, rat, and roach killer that contains high concentrations of aldicarb, has been illegally imported into the United States from Mexico and other Latin American countries. The product is highly toxic to animals and people, and according to the EPA "should never be used in [the] home."

History

Aldicarb is manufactured by Bayer CropScience, but was formerly owned and produced by Union Carbide. Union Carbide's agricultural chemicals division was sold to Rhône-Poulenc. Later, Aventis Cropscience was formed from Hoechst AG and Rhone-Poulenc Agrochemical, which lasted until Bayer acquired it in 2002.

In November 2009, corn treated with Temik was placed in and around peanut fields in Eastland County, Texas, near the town of Cisco. The corn was eaten by feral hogs, deer, and other animals, prompting the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department to issue a hunting ban.

Toxicity in mammals

Aldicarb is a fast-acting cholinesterase inhibitor, causing rapid accumulation of acetylcholine at the synaptic cleft. It is widely used to study cholinergic neurotransmission in simple systems such as the nematode C. elegans.

Exposure to high amounts of aldicarb can cause weakness, blurred vision, headache, nausea, tearing, sweating, and tremors in humans. High doses can be fatal to humans because it can paralyze the respiratory system.

In South Africa (where Aldicarb is popularly known as Two Step) it is widely used by burglars to poison dogs.

References

External links

• Aldicarb in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 有機リン剤およびカルバメート中毒 organophosphate and carbamate poisoning
• 2. 有機食品と小児 organic foods and children
• 3. 米国における労働衛生および環境衛生に関する問題についての情報および教材 information and educational resources for occupational and environmental health issues in the united states
• 4. パラコート中毒 paraquat poisoning
• 5. 神経筋接合部に作用する毒素の概要 overview of neuromuscular junction toxins

English Journal

• Removal of carbamates and detoxification potential in a biomixture: Fungal bioaugmentation versus traditional use.

• Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE1, Madrigal-León K2, Masís-Mora M2, Pérez-Villanueva M2, Chin-Pampillo JS2.
• Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2017 Jan;135:252-258. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.011. Epub 2016 Oct 14.
• The use of fungal bioaugmentation represents a promising way to improve the performance of biomixtures for the elimination of pesticides. The ligninolyitc fungus Trametes versicolor was employed for the removal of three carbamates (aldicarb, ALD; methomyl, MTM; and methiocarb, MTC) in defined liquid
• PMID 27750092

• Opposite effects of moderate heat stress and hyperthermia on cholinergic system of soil nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae.

• Kalinnikova TB1, Kolsanova RR2, Belova EB2, Shagidullin RR2, Gainutdinov MK2.
• Journal of thermal biology.J Therm Biol.2016 Dec;62(Pt A):37-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.05.007. Epub 2016 Oct 1.
• Cholinergic system plays important role in all functions of organisms of free-living soil nematodes C. elegans and C. briggsae. Using pharmacological analysis we showed the existence of two opposite responses of nematodes cholinergic system to moderate and extreme heat stress. Short-term (15min) nox
• PMID 27839548

• Multiple mitigation mechanisms: Effects of submerged plants on the toxicity of nine insecticides to aquatic animals.

• Brogan WR 3rd1, Relyea RA2.
• Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987).Environ Pollut.2016 Nov 4. pii: S0269-7491(16)31701-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.030. [Epub ahead of print]
• Understanding the processes that regulate contaminant impacts in nature is an increasingly important challenge. For insecticides in surface waters, the ability of aquatic plants to sorb, or bind, hydrophobic compounds has been identified as a primary mechanism by which toxicity can be mitigated (i.e
• PMID 27823867

Japanese Journal

• 穀類及び乾牧草中のアルジカルブ,アルジカルブスルホン及びアルジカルブスルホキシドの液体クロマトグラフタンデム型質量分析計による同時定量法

• 飼料研究報告 (38), 33-52, 2013
• NAID 40019821658

• Biological Monitoring for Detection of Toxic Chemicals in Water by the Swimming Behavior of Small Freshwater Fish

• Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 54(1), 209-214, 2009-02-27
• NAID 80020168913

• 畜水産食品中のアルジカルブ及びその代謝物の分析

• 東京都健康安全研究センター研究年報 (60), 125-129, 2009
• NAID 40017144339

Related Links

• Aldicarbとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

Aldicarb is a carbamate insecticide which is the active substance in the pesticide Temik. It is effective against thrips, aphids, spider mites, lygus, fleahoppers, and leafminers, but is primarily used as a nematicide. [1] Aldicarb is a cholinesterase ...

• EXTOXNET PIP - ALDICARB - EXTOXNET - The EXtension ...

Trade and Other Names: Aldicarb is also called aldicarbe. Trade names include Temik, ENT 27093, OMS 771, and UC 21149. Regulatory Status: Aldicarb is a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) in the U.S. RUPs may be purchased and ...

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aldicarb

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アルディカーブ

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英

aldicarb

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アルジカルブ