WordNet

relating to the etiology of a disease; "etiological agent" (同)etiologic, aetiological, aetiologic
of or relating to the philosophical study of causation (同)etiologic, aetiological, aetiologic
the cause of a disease (同)aetiology
the philosophical study of causation (同)aetiology

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《英》=etiology
病原学[上]の
〈U〉病原学 / 〈C〉〈U〉病気の原因,病因

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/30 16:45:25」(JST)

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Etiology (alternatively aetiology, aitiology /iːtiˈɒlədʒi/) is the study of causation, or origination. The word is derived from the Greek αἰτιολογία, aitiologia, "giving a reason for" (αἰτία, aitia, "cause"; and -λογία, -logia).^[1]

The word is most commonly used in medical and philosophical theories, where it is used to refer to the study of why things occur, or even the reasons behind the way that things act, and is used in philosophy, physics, psychology, government, geography, spatial analysis, medicine, theology, and biology in reference to the causes of various phenomena. An etiological myth is a myth intended to explain a name or create a mythic history for a place or family.

Mythology

An etiological myth, or origin myth, is a myth intended to explain the origins of cult practices, natural phenomena, proper names and the like. For example, the name Delphi and its associated deity, Apollon Delphinios, are explained in the Homeric Hymn which tells of how Apollo, in the shape of a dolphin (delphis), propelled Cretans over the seas to make them his priests. While Delphi is actually related to the word delphus ("womb"), many etiological myths are similarly based on folk etymology (the term "Amazon", for example). In the Aeneid (published circa 17 BC), Virgil claims the descent of Augustus Caesar's Julian clan from the hero Aeneas through his son Ascanius, also called Iulus. The story of Prometheus' sacrifice trick at Mecone in Hesiod's Theogony relates how Prometheus tricked Zeus into choosing the bones and fat of the first sacrificial animal rather than the meat to justify why, after a sacrifice, the Greeks offered the bones wrapped in fat to the gods while keeping the meat for themselves.

Medicine

In medicine, etiology refers to the many factors coming together to cause an illness. It is normally the focus of epidemiological studies. The etiology of scurvy is a good example. With scurvy, sailors going to sea often lacked fresh vegetables. Without knowing the precise cause, Captain James Cook suspected scurvy was caused by the lack of vegetables in the diet. Based on his suspicion, he forced his crew to eat sauerkraut, a cabbage preparation, every day, but he had no idea, precisely, why it prevented scurvy. It was only about two centuries later - in 1926 that it was discovered that it was the lack of vitamin C in a sailor's diet that was the base cause of scurvy.

References

^ "Aetiology". Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed. ed.) (Oxford University Press). 2002. ISBN 0-19-521942-2.

External links

Look up etiology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

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English Journal

Sperm cryopreservation: effects on chromatin structure.

Paoli D, Lombardo F, Lenzi A, Gandini L.SourceDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University Laboratory of Seminology - Sperm Bank, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy, donatella.paoli@uniroma1.it.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2014;791:137-50. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7783-9_9.
Cryopreservation is a technique that can keep sperm alive indefinitely, enabling the conservation of male fertility. It involves the cooling of semen samples and their storage at -196°C in liquid nitrogen. At this temperature all metabolic processes are arrested. Sperm cryopreservation is of fundam
PMID 23955677

Olive oil and other dietary lipids in breast cancer.

Escrich E, Solanas M, Moral R.SourceDepartment of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Medicine School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain, Eduard.Escrich@uab.es.
Cancer treatment and research.Cancer Treat Res.2014;159:289-309. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_17.
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasia among women worldwide. In addition to genetic and endocrine factors, the environment, and specifically nutritional factors, plays a key role in its aetiology. Epidemiological and in particular experimental studies have shown the link between die
PMID 24114487

Fruits and Vegetables: Updating the Epidemiologic Evidence for the WCRF/AICR Lifestyle Recommendations for Cancer Prevention.

Norat T, Aune D, Chan D, Romaguera D.SourceDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk, Place, Paddington, UK, W2 1PG, London, t.norat@imperial.ac.uk.
Cancer treatment and research.Cancer Treat Res.2014;159:35-50. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_3.
The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) current dietary recommendations for cancer prevention include "eating at least five portions/servings of a variety of non-starchy vegetables and or fruits every day". The most recent report coordinated by WCRF/AICR (20
PMID 24114473

Japanese Journal

粘膜治癒・長期予後の面からみた難治性炎症性腸疾患の治療戦略

長沼誠,藤井俊光,渡辺守
日本臨床免疫学会会誌 = Japanese journal of clinical immunology 35(2), 99-106, 2012-04-28
潰瘍性大腸炎とクローン病は原因不明であり再燃と寛解を繰り返す難治性炎症性腸疾患である．従来5-アミノサリチル酸製剤，栄養療法，副腎皮質ステロイド剤，チオプリン製剤（アザチオプリン）が治療の中心であったが，近年新しい免疫抑制剤であるタクロリムスや抗TNFa抗体製剤であるインフリキシマブやアダリムマブが開発され，臨床の現場で使用可能となっている．最近では作用機序の弱い薬剤から強 …
NAID 10030573724

Utility of FDG PET/CT in IgG4-related systemic disease.

Nakatani K,Nakamoto Y,Togashi K
Clinical radiology 67(4), 297-305, 2012-04
… IgG4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD) is an emerging clinical entity about which much remains to be elucidated, in terms of its aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and outcome. …
NAID 120003988365