- 同
- 外転神経核
WordNet
- a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
- (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
- any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
- the positively charged dense center of an atom
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/24 23:33:58」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Brain: Abducens nucleus |
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| The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented; dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red; sensory in blue. The olfactory and optic centers are not represented. (Abducens nucleus is VI) |
| Latin |
nucleus nervi abducentis |
| Gray's |
subject #187 787 |
| Part of |
Pons |
| Artery |
Pontine branches of the Basilar artery |
| NeuroNames |
hier-580 |
| NeuroLex ID |
birnlex_1366 |
The abducens nucleus is the originating nucleus from which the abducens nerve (VI) emerges - a cranial nerve nucleus. This nucleus is located beneath the fourth ventricle in the caudal portion of the pons, medial to the sulcus limitans.
The abducens nucleus along with the internal genu of the facial nerve make up the facial colliculus, a hump at the caudal end of the medial eminence on the dorsal aspect of the pons.
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Contents
- 1 Neurophysiology
- 2 Clinical significance
- 3 Additional images
- 4 External links
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Neurophysiology[edit]
Two primary neuron types are located in the abducens nucleus: motorneurons and interneurons. The former directly drive the contraction of the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle via the abducens nerve (sixth cranial nerve); contraction of this muscle rotates the eye outward (abduction). The latter relay signals from the abducens nucleus to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus, where motoneurons drive the contraction of the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle (hence, contralateral to the abducens nucleus that issues the command) ; contraction of this muscle rotates the eye inward (adduction).
This "wiring" pattern suggests that the main function of the abducens nucleus is to generate coordinated movements of both eyes in the same direction. Indeed, electrical stimulation of the abducens nucleus has been shown to generate conjugate eye movements (i.e. both eyes rotate in the same direction, and by the same angle). Such eye movements occur whenever we look between targets located in the distance. Moreover, lesions to the axonal tract of interneurons (in the medial longitudinal fasciculus) have been shown to disrupt conjugate eye movements through the paralysis of the contralateral eye. Importantly, despite the lesions, this muscle remains functional during convergence eye movements. Finally, experiments where the electrical activity of single neurons in the abducens nucleus has been recorded during slow and fast conjugate eye movements have demonstrated very little differences in the discharge patterns of motoneurons and interneurons.
Altogether, it is now well accepted that the abducens nucleus is a key structure for the conjugated movements of both eyes.
Clinical significance[edit]
Damage to the abducens nerve causes monocular ipsilateral lateral ophthalmoparesis: specifically, loss of the ability to move the ipsilateral eye outward (abduction).
In contrast, damage to the area of the nucleus results in binocular lateral gaze paralysis: loss of the ability to move the eyes together in the direction of the side with the lesion. This is due to damage to both the motoneurons and interneurons projecting through the medial longitudinal fasciculus to the contralateral medial rectus neurons. Note, however, that the eye contralateral to the lesion can still move in the direction of the lesion during convergence movements.
Additional images[edit]
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Nuclei of origin of cranial motor nerves schematically represented; lateral view.
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Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts.
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Figure showing the mode of innervation of the Recti medialis and lateralis of the eye.
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Axial section of the Brainstem (Pons) at the level of the Facial Colliculus
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Brain stem sagittal section
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Section through lower pons. Abducens nucleus is labeled #4.
External links[edit]
- Brainstem at UWisc 13VNAN
- MedEd at Loyola Neuro/frames/nlBSs/nl27fr.htm
- Template (look for "GSE")
- BrainMaps at UCDavis Abducens nucleus
- NIF Search - Abducens Nucleus via the Neuroscience Information Framework
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Human brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: pons (TA A14.1.05.101–604, GA 9.785)
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Dorsal/
(tegmentum) |
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Surface
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Cerebellopontine angle · Superior medullary velum · Sulcus limitans · Medial eminence · Facial colliculus
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|
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White: Sensory/ascending
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Trapezoid body/VIII · Trigeminal lemniscus (Dorsal trigeminal tract, Ventral trigeminal tract) · Medial lemniscus · Lateral lemniscus
MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
Anterior trigeminothalamic tract · Central tegmental tract
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White: Motor/descending
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ICP (Vestibulocerebellar tract)
MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract)
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|
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Grey: Cranial nuclei
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afferent: GSA: Principal V/Spinal V · VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Superior)
efferent: SVE: Motor V · VII · GSE: VI · GVE: VII: Superior salivary nucleus
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Other grey
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Apneustic center · Pneumotaxic center (Medial parabrachial nucleus) · Lateral parabrachial nucleus · Superior olivary nucleus · Caerulean nucleus
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Ventral/
(base) |
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Grey
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Pontine nuclei
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White: Motor/descending
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Corticospinal tract · Corticobulbar tract · Corticopontine fibers
MCP (Pontocerebellar fibers)
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Surface
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Basilar sulcus
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Other grey: Raphe/
reticular |
Reticular formation (Caudal, Oral, Tegmental, Paramedian) · Raphe nuclei (Median)
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves and nuclei (TA A14.2.01, GA 9.855)
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| olfactory (AON->I) |
- olfactory bulb
- olfactory tract
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| optic (LGN->II) |
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oculomotor
(ON, EWN->III) |
- superior branch
- parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion/ciliary ganglion
- inferior branch
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| trochlear (TN->IV) |
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trigeminal
(PSN, TSN, MN, TMN->V) |
- trigeminal ganglion
- ophthalmic
- maxillary
- mandibular
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| abducens (AN->VI) |
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| facial (FMN, SN, SSN->VII) |
| near origin |
- nervus intermedius
- geniculate
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inside
facial canal |
- greater petrosal
- nerve to the stapedius
- chorda tympani
- lingual nerve
- submandibular ganglion
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at stylomastoid
foramen |
- posterior auricular
- suprahyoid
- parotid plexus
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
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|
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vestibulocochlear
(VN, CN->VIII) |
- cochlear
- striae medullares
- lateral lemniscus
- vestibular
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glossopharyngeal
(NA, ISN, SN->IX) |
| before jugular fossa |
|
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| after jugular fossa |
- tympanic
- tympanic plexus
- lesser petrosal
- otic ganglion
- stylopharyngeal branch
- pharyngeal branches
- tonsillar branches
- lingual branches
- carotid sinus
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vagus
(NA, DNVN, SN->X) |
| before jugular fossa |
|
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| after jugular fossa |
- meningeal branch
- auricular branch
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| neck |
- pharyngeal branch
- superior laryngeal
- recurrent laryngeal (inferior)
- superior cervical cardiac
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| thorax |
- inferior cardiac
- pulmonary
- vagal trunks
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| abdomen |
- celiac
- renal
- hepatic
- anterior gastric
- posterior gastric
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| accessory (NA, SAN->XI) |
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| hypoglossal (HN->XII) |
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anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Expression of the ghrelin receptor gene in neurons of the medulla oblongata of the rat.
- Bron R, Yin L, Russo D, Furness JB.SourceDepartment of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. r.bron@unimelb.edu.au
- The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2013 Aug 15;521(12):2680-702. doi: 10.1002/cne.23309.
- There is ambiguity concerning the distribution of neurons that express the ghrelin receptor (GHSR) in the medulla oblongata. In the current study we used a sensitive nonradioactive method to investigate GHSR mRNA distribution by in situ hybridization. Strong expression of the GHSR gene was confirmed
- PMID 23348715
- Bupivacaine injection to lateral rectus in abducens nerve palsy.
- Kyung S, Jeon J.SourceDepartment of Ophthalmology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
- Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO.Korean J Ophthalmol.2013 Aug;27(4):304-7. doi: 10.3341/kjo.2013.27.4.304. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
- A 49-year-old female presented with bilateral abducens nerve palsies. She had 75 prism diopter esotropia. The extraocular movement of the lateral rectus was -1 limitation for the right eye and -4 limitations for the left. After performing orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 2 mL of bupivacain
- PMID 23908580
- Distribution of methionine-enkephalin in the minipig brainstem.
- Sánchez ML, Vecino E, Coveñas R.SourceUniversity of Salamanca, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Salamanca, Spain. lisardosanchez8@gmail.com
- Journal of chemical neuroanatomy.J Chem Neuroanat.2013 May;50-51:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.03.002. Epub 2013 Mar 25.
- We have studied the distribution of immunoreactive cell bodies and axons are containing methionine-enkephalin in the minipig brainstem. Immunoreactive axons were widely distributed, whereas the distribution of perikarya was less widespread. A high or moderate density of axons containing methionine-e
- PMID 23538385
Japanese Journal
- 栢森 良二
- The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 50(12), 957-961, 2013
- … This group is often associated with aplasia of the abducens and facial nucleus. …
- NAID 130003393543
- 第四脳室と橋・延髄の解剖と外科治療(<特集>脳室・脳幹病変の外科治療)
- 斉藤 延人,金 太一
- 脳神経外科ジャーナル 20(6), 438-445, 2011-06-20
- 第四脳室と橋・延髄下半分の病変には,髄芽腫,脳室上衣腫,星細胞腫,脈絡叢乳頭腫,脳幹海綿状血管腫,血管芽腫,外向発育性グリオーマなどがある.第四脳室を露出するには小脳延髄裂アプローチが有用である.小脳扁桃の裏で延髄に付着している脈絡膜と脈絡紐を切開して小脳扁桃を牽引する方法である.脳幹内部へは,病変が最も表面に近い部分から進入するのが基本である.第四脳室底には正中溝,閂,第四脳室線条,外側陥凹,顔 …
- NAID 110008662231
- 両側の水平共同注視運動麻痺と語音明瞭度の低下をきたした橋出血の1例
- 増田 毅,鴫原 俊太郎,野村 泰之,齋藤 雄一郎,鴫原 じゅん子,肥田 和恵,辻 賢三,池田 稔
- Equilibrium research 67(2), 121-129, 2008-04-01
- … Based on the findings, the patient was diagnosed to have pontine hemorrhage due to hypertension affecting the right facial nerve nucleus, right pyramidal tract, bilateral abducens nuclei, MLF, PPRF and the auditory neural pathway. …
- NAID 10026087273
Related Links
- nucleus /nu·cle·us/ (noo´kle-us) pl. nu´clei [L.] 1. the central core of a body or object. 2. cell nucleus; a spheroid body within a cell, consisting of a thin nuclear membrane, organelles, one or more nucleoli, chromatin, linin, and ...
- ab·du·cens nu·cle·us, nucleus abducentisnucleus of abducens nerve a group of motor neurons in the lower part of the pons, innervating the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle of the eye; unique among motor cranial nerve nuclei in that it ...
- nucleus, in biology nucleus: see cell cell, in biology, the unit of structure and function of which all plants and animals are composed. The cell is the smallest unit in the living organism that is capable of integrating the essential life ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- ()
- 英
- abducens nucleus
[★]
- 関
- abducens nerve、abducent、abducent nerve、abduction、eversion、nervus abducens