アブイニシオ、第一原理による、最初からの、非経験的な
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/09/24 16:08:07」(JST)
ab initio(ab initio:元はラテン語なのでイタリックでの表記が正式)は、いわゆる第一原理とほぼ同義の言葉。化学系でよく使われるが、物理学および生物学の分野でも使用される。
“アブイニショ”、“アブイニシォ”のように発音するが、この言葉にぴったりと対応する日本語は存在しない。元々はラテン語で、”最初から”、”初めから”という意味がある。
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Ab initio (/ˌæbɨˈnɪʃi.oʊ/ AB-i-NISH-ee-oh)[1] is a Latin term meaning "from the beginning" and is derived from the Latin ab ("from") + initio, ablative singular of initium ("beginning").
c.1600, from L., lit. "from the beginning", from ablative case of initium "entrance, beginning", related to verb inire "to go into, enter upon, begin".[2]
Abbr.: Ab init. Ab initio is used in several contexts:
In law, void means of no legal effect. An action, document or transaction which is void is of no legal effect whatsoever: an absolute nullity - the law treats it as if it had never existed or happened.
The term "void ab initio", which means "to be treated as invalid from the outset", comes from adding the Latin phrase "ab initio" as a qualifier. For example, in many jurisdictions where a person signs a contract under duress, that contract is treated as being "void ab initio".
A proposition in law that a court's jurisdiction, a certain document which purports to affect legal rights, or an act which purports to affect legal rights, is or was null and void from the start, from its beginning, because of some vitiating element.
Typically, documents or acts which are void ab initio cannot be fixed and where a jurisdiction, a document or an act is so declared at law to be void ab initio, the parties are returned to their respective positions at the beginning of the event.
"Void ab initio" is often contrasted with "voidable", such documents which become void only as of the date of the judicial declaration to this effect and not, as with void ab initio, as if they never existed.
An insurer facing a claim from an insured who had deceived the insurer on a material fact, would claim that the insurance contract was void ab initio; that it was null and void from the beginning and that since there was no legally enforceable contract, the insurer ought not to have to pay.[3]
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リンク元 | 「最初から」「第一原理」「非経験的」「アブイニシオ」 |
関連記事 | 「AB」「Ab」 |
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