Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/30 19:25:09」(JST)

wiki en

Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterium in the class Gammaproteobacteria, is an important plant pathogen that causes phoney peach disease in the southern United States, Bacterial Leaf Scorch, oleander leaf scorch, and Pierce's disease, and citrus variegated chlorosis disease (CVC) in Brazil.

Pierce's disease[edit]

Pierce's disease was discovered in 1892 by Newton B. Pierce (1856–1916; California's first professional plant pathologist) on grapes in California near Anaheim. It became a real threat to California's wine industry and overall economy when the glassy-winged sharpshooter (its vector), native to the southeast United States, was discovered in the Temecula Valley in California in 1996. It triggered a unique effort from growers, administrators, policy makers and researchers to work together in finding a solution for this immense threat. No cure has yet been found,^[1] but the understanding of Xylella fastidiosa and glassy-winged sharpshooter biology have exponentially increased since 2000, when the California Department of Food and Agriculture, in collaboration with different universities, such as University of California, Davis; University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, Riverside, and University of Houston-Downtown started to focus their research on this pest. The research explores the different aspects of the disease propagation from the vector to the host plant and within the host plant, to the impact of the disease on California's economy. All researchers working on Pierce's disease meet annually in San Diego in mid-December to discuss the progress in their field. All proceedings from this symposium can be found on the Pierce's disease website,^[2] developed and managed by the Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA).^[3]

There are no resistant Vitis vinifera varieties, and Chardonnay and Pinot noir are especially sensitive, although muscadine grapes have a natural resistance.^[1] Pierce's disease is presently found in the southeastern United States and Mexico. Also it uas reported by Luis G. Jiménez-Arias in Costa Rica, and Venezuela,^[4] and possibly in other parts of Central and South America. There are isolated hot spots of the disease near creeks in Napa and Sonoma in northern California.^[1]

Currently, work is underway at U.C. Davis to breed PD resistance into Vitis vinifera. The first generation was 50% high quality vinifera genes, the next 75%, the third 87% and the fourth 94%. In the spring of 2007, seedlings that are 94% vinifera were planted.^[5]

When a vine becomes infected, the bacterium causes a gel to form in the xylem tissue of the vine, preventing water from being drawn through the vine. Leaves on vines with Pierce's disease will turn yellow and brown, and eventually drop off the vine. Shoots will also die. After one to five years, the vine itself will die. The proximity of vineyards to citrus orchards compounds the threat, because citrus is not only a host for the sharpshooter eggs, but it is also a popular overwintering site for the insect. Likewise, oleander, a common landscaping plant in California, serves as a reservoir for Xylella.

Oleander leaf scorch[edit]

Nerium oleander infected with Xylella fastidiosa in Phoenix, Arizona

Oleander leaf scorch is a disease of landscape oleanders (Nerium oleander) caused by a strain of X. fastidiosa which has become prevalent in California and Arizona, USA starting in the mid 1990s. This disease is transmitted by a type of leafhopper (insect ) called the Glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata).

Genome sequencing[edit]

The genome sequencing of X. fastidiosa was realized by a pool of over 30 research labs in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and funded by this State's Science Foundation (FAPESP).^[6]

Notes[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c winepros.com.au. Oxford Companion to Wine. "Pierce's disease".
^ PIPRA Pierce's Disease website. "Pierce's disease".
^ Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture. "PIPRA".
^ Jiménez A., L.G. (Jul-Set 1985). "Evidencia inmunológica del mal de pierce de la vid en Venezuela.". Turrialba. (Jul-Set 1985). v. 35 (3): 243–247.
^ PD/GWSS Board Newsletter http://www.pdgwss.net/News/PD_Newsletter_Spring07.pdf
^ Séguin, Béatrice; Hardy, BJ; Singer, PA; Daar, AS (Jun 2008). "Genomic medicine and developing countries: creating a room of their own". Nature Reviews Genetics 9 (6): 487–493. doi:10.1038/nrg2379. PMID 18487990.

References[edit]

Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture Pierce's Disease Website
APHIS. 2002. Glassy-winged Sharpshooter and Pierce's Disease in California
CDFA PD/GWSS Board Website PD/GWSS Interactive Forum
Univ. of Arizona. 2006 Oleander leaf scorch
Wells, J. M., B. C. Raju, H. Y. Hung, W. G. Weisburg, L. M. Parl and D. Beemer (1987). "Xylella fastidiosa gen. nov., sp. nov.: Gram-negative, xylem-limited, fastidious plant bacteria related to Xanthomonas spp". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 37 (2): 136–143. doi:10.1099/00207713-37-2-136.

English Journal

Diffusible Signal Factor (DSF) Synthase RpfF of Xylella fastidiosa Is a Multifunction Protein Also Required for Response to DSF.

Ionescu M, Baccari C, Da Silva AM, Garcia A, Yokota K, Lindow SE.SourceDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Journal of bacteriology.J Bacteriol.2013 Dec;195(23):5273-84. doi: 10.1128/JB.00713-13. Epub 2013 Sep 20.
Xylella fastidiosa, like related Xanthomonas species, employs an Rpf cell-cell communication system consisting of a diffusible signal factor (DSF) synthase, RpfF, and a DSF sensor, RpfC, to coordinate expression of virulence genes. While phenotypes of a ΔrpfF strain in Xanthomonas campestris could
PMID 24056101

Xylella fastidiosa response to zinc: decreased culturability, increased exopolysaccharide production, and resilient biofilms under flow conditions.

Navarrete F, De La Fuente L.SourceDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2013 Nov 22. [Epub ahead of print]
The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. Biofilms are sensitive to the chemical composition of the environment, and mineral elements being t
PMID 24271184

Validation of Real-time PCR Assays for Bioforensic Detection of Model Plant Pathogens.

James M, Blagden T, Moncrief I, Burans JP, Schneider K, Fletcher J.SourceDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078.
Journal of forensic sciences.J Forensic Sci.2013 Nov 21. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12321. [Epub ahead of print]
The U.S. agricultural sector is vulnerable to intentionally introduced microbial threats because of its wide and open distribution and economic importance. To investigate such events, forensically valid assays for plant pathogen detection are needed. In this work, real-time PCR assays were developed
PMID 24261870

Japanese Journal

P-161 EFFECT OF SOME COUMARINS, FLAVONOIDS AND LIMONOIDS ON THE GROWTH OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA

Abdelnur Patricia Verardi,da Silva M.Fatima das G.F.,de Souza Alessandra A.,Fernandes Joao B.,Vieira Paulo C.
International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products 2006, "P-161", 2006-07-23
NAID 110006801986

Comparative analyses of the complete genome sequences of Pierce's disease and citrus variegated chlorosis strains of Xylella fastidiosa

VAN SLUYS MA
J. Bacteriol. 185, 1018-1026, 2003
NAID 80015771446

Diversity of endophytic bacterial populations and their interaction with Xylella fastidiosa in citrus plants

ARAUJO W. L.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 4906-4914, 2002
NAID 80015595824

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ピアス病菌」「ピアース病菌」
関連記事	「Xylella」

「ピアス病菌」

Xylella fastidiosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gamma Proteobacteria
Order:	Xanthomonadales
Family:	Xanthomonadaceae
Genus:	Xylella
Species:	X. fastidiosa
Binomial name
	Xylella fastidiosa; Wells et al., 1987