X線回折計、エックス線回折計

WordNet

emit as rays; "That tower rays a laser beam for miles across the sky"
(mathematics) a straight line extending from a point
a branch of an umbel or an umbelliform inflorescence
any of the stiff bony spines in the fin of a fish
cartilaginous fishes having horizontally flattened bodies and enlarged winglike pectoral fins with gills on the underside; most swim by moving the pectoral fins
the 24th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)x, ex
electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced when high-speed electrons strike a solid target (同)X-ray, X-radiation, roentgen_ray

PrepTutorEJDIC

『光線』;熱線;放射線 / 《a ~》(希望などの)一筋(ひとすじ),ごく少量《+『of』+『名』》 / 放射状に突き出たもの;(ヒトデなどの)腕
(魚の)エイ
Christ / Christian
roentgen / recto
x-axis

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/01 00:51:44」(JST)

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Bruker X8 Apex diffractometer at the University of Arizona Department of Geosciences

A diffractometer (pronunciation: di-"frak-'tä-m&-t&r) is a measuring instrument for analyzing the structure of a material from the scattering pattern produced when a beam of radiation or particles (such as X-rays or neutrons) interacts with it.

Principle

The detector end of a simple x-ray diffractometer with an area detector. The direction of the X-rays is indicated with the red arrow.

Because it is relatively easy to use electrons or neutrons having wavelengths smaller than a nanometer, electrons and neutrons may be used to study crystal structure in a manner very similar to X-ray diffraction. Electrons do not penetrate as deeply into matter as X-rays, hence electron diffraction reveals structure near the surface; neutrons do penetrate easily and have an advantage that they possess an intrinsic magnetic moment that causes them to interact differently with atoms having different alignments of their magnetic moments.

A typical diffractometer consists of a source of radiation, a monochromator to choose the wavelength, slits to adjust the shape of the beam, a sample and a detector. In a more complicated apparatus, a goniometer can also be used for fine adjustment of the sample and the detector positions. When an area detector is used to monitor the diffracted radiation, a beamstop is usually needed to stop the intense primary beam that has not been diffracted by the sample, otherwise the detector might be damaged. Usually the beamstop can be completely impenetrable to the X-rays or it may be semitransparent. The use of a semitransparent beamstop allows the possibility to determine how much the sample absorbs the radiation using the intensity observed through the beamstop.

References

External links

Diffractometer computation library

UpToDate Contents

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