WordNet

deciduous perennial herbs; sometimes placed in family Liliaceae
any liliaceous plant of the genus Trillium having a whorl of three leaves at the top of the stem with a single three-petaled flower (同)wood_lily, wake-robin

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ユリ科エンレイソウ属の植物

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/23 14:40:06」(JST)

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For other uses, see Trillium (disambiguation).

Trillium (trillium, wakerobin, tri flower, birthroot) is a genus of about 40–50 species of spring ephemeral perennials, native to temperate regions of North America and Asia.

It used to be treated in the family Trilliaceae or Trillium family, a part of the Liliales or Lily order. The AGP II treats Trilliaceae as a synonym of the family Melanthiaceae.

The above ground parts of Trilliums are scapes with three large, leaf-like bracts with the true leaves reduced to underground papery coverings around the rhizomes.

Trillium grandiflorum

Typical species are Trillium grandiflorum (Large-flowered Trillium) in eastern North America and Trillium ovatum (Western Trillium). Both have white flowers that turn pink as they age.

Picking a trillium seriously injures the plant by preventing the leaf-like bracts from producing food for the next year. A plant takes many years to recover. For this reason in Michigan,^[1] Minnesota^[2] and New York^[3] it is illegal to pick and/or transplant trilliums from public lands without a permit from the State.

While it is a popular belief that it is illegal to pick the common Trillium grandiflorum (white trillium) in Ontario, in reality they are only protected in provincial parks and land owned by conservation authorities.^[4] However, the rare Trillium flexipes (drooping trillium) is protected by law in Ontario,^[5] because of its very small Canadian population.

Trillium is one of many plants whose seeds are spread by ants. At maturity, the base and core of the trillium ovary turns soft and spongy. Trillium seeds have a fleshy organ called an elaiosome that attracts ants. The ants extract the seeds from the decaying ovary and take them to their nest, where they eat the elaiosomes and put the seeds in their garbage, where they germinate in a rich growing medium.

Some trilliums have a flower which is bent downward, below the leaves.

Trillium used as the official symbol for the Province of Ontario.

A white trillium serves as the emblem and official flower of the Canadian province of Ontario. It is an official symbol of the Government of Ontario. The large white trillium is the official wildflower of Ohio.^[6]

In a 1918 publication, Joseph E. Meyer called it "Beth Root" (probably a corruption of "birthroot") and claimed that an astringent tonic derived from the root was useful in controlling bleeding and diarrhea.^[7]

Nodding trillium (Trillium cernuum)
Purple trillium (Trillium erectum)
Great white trillium (Trillium grandiflorum)
Western wake-robin (Trillium ovatum)
Prairie trillium (Trillium recurvatum)
Relict trillium (Trillium reliquum) an endangered species
Painted trillium (Trillium undulatum)

References

^ Trillium_undulatum Wildenow, http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/abstracts/botany/Trillium_undulatum.pdf, Michigan State University Extension, 2004
^ 18H.18 — Conservation of certain wildflowers. - Minnesota 18H.18 — Conservation of certain wildflowers. - Minnesota Code :: Justia
^ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
^ Illegal to pick a trillium? Not quite - thestar.com
^ [1]
^ Adoption of the Ohio State Wildflower
^ Meyer, Joseph E. The Herbalist and Herb Doctor. Hammond, IN: Indiana Herb Gardens, 1918, p. 50.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Trillium

Interactive Identification Key (Java)
Utah Agricultural Experiment Station — Fact Sheets
Ontario Woodlot Association
Trillium at the Encyclopedia of Life
Page of links by Susan Farmer

English Journal

Post-stroke depression, obstructive sleep apnea, and cognitive impairment: Rationale for, and barriers to, routine screening.

Swartz RH1, Bayley M2, Lanctôt KL3, Murray BJ4, Cayley ML5, Lien K5, Sicard MN5, Thorpe KE6, Dowlatshahi D7, Mandzia JL8, Casaubon LK9, Saposnik G10, Perez Y11, Sahlas DJ12, Herrmann N3.
International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society.Int J Stroke.2016 Apr 12. pii: 1747493016641968. [Epub ahead of print]
Stroke can cause neurological impairment ranging from mild to severe, but the impact of stroke extends beyond the initial brain injury to include a complex interplay of devastating comorbidities including: post-stroke depression, obstructive sleep apnea, and cognitive impairment ("DOC"). We reviewed
PMID 27073189

Insight into infrageneric circumscription through complete chloroplast genome sequences of two Trillium species.

Kim SC1, Kim JS1, Kim JH2.
AoB PLANTS.AoB Plants.2016 Apr 6;8. pii: plw015. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plw015. Print 2016.
Genomic events including gene loss, duplication, pseudogenization and rearrangement in plant genomes are valuable sources for exploring and understanding the process of evolution in angiosperms. The family Melanthiaceae is distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and divided into
PMID 26933149

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Sud S1, Sud M, Friedrich JO, Wunsch H, Meade MO, Ferguson ND, Adhikari NK.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2016 Apr 4;4:CD004085. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004085.pub4.
BACKGROUND: High-frequency oscillation (HFO) is an alternative to conventional mechanical ventilation that is sometimes used to treat people with acute respiratory distress syndrome, but effects on oxygenation, mortality and adverse clinical outcomes are uncertain. This review was originally publish
PMID 27043185

Japanese Journal

日立3T MRI装置『TRILLIUM OVAL』におけるマルチチャネル照射・受信コイル技術 (ROUTINE CLINICAL MRI 2017 BOOK)

映像情報medical : a monthly journal of medical imaging and information 48(14), 166-171, 2016-12
NAID 40021036921

青森県小川原湖地域におけるエンレイソウ属について

青森自然誌研究 (21), 97-104, 2016-03-31
NAID 40020814868

エミリ・ディキンスンと日本の花(2-2)

論集 61(2), 195-214, 2014-12
NAID 110009886439

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「トリリウム属」「エンレイソウ属」
拡張検索	「Trillium属」

「トリリウム属」

Trillium
	Trillium erectum (red trillium)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Melanthiaceae
Genus:	Trillium; L.
Species
	See "Species of Trillium" below.

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ラ: Trillium
関: エンレイソウ属、Trillium属

「エンレイソウ属」

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ラ: Trillium
関: Trillium属、トリリウム属

「Trillium属」

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ラ: Trillium
関: エンレイソウ属、トリリウム属

[0] Trillium_undulatum Wildenow, http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/abstracts/botany/Trillium_undulatum.pdf, Michigan State University Extension, 2004

[1] 18H.18 — Conservation of certain wildflowers. - Minnesota 18H.18 — Conservation of certain wildflowers. - Minnesota Code :: Justia

[2] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

[3] Illegal to pick a trillium? Not quite - thestar.com

[4] [1]

[5] Adoption of the Ohio State Wildflower

[6] Meyer, Joseph E. The Herbalist and Herb Doctor. Hammond, IN: Indiana Herb Gardens, 1918, p. 50.

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Trillium