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Trichosanthes kirilowii is a flowering plant in the family Cucurbitaceae found particularly in Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shaanxi. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it shares the name guālóu (Chinese: 栝楼) with the related T. rosthornii. It is known as Chinese cucumber in English. And Chinese snake gourd^{[note 1]}

Traditional uses

The tuber of this plant is known in Mandarin as tiān huā fěn (Chinese: 天花粉). In traditional Chinese medicine it is said to drain heat and generate fluids, clear and drain lung heat, transform phlegm, and moisten lung dryness, and resolve toxicity and expel pus.^[3] The fruit of the plant, also referred to in Mandarin as guālóu (Chinese: 瓜蔞), is said to clear heat and transform phlegm-heat, unbind the chest, reduces abscesses and dissipate nodules.^[4] Both forms should be considered safe only for use with professional guidance by someone trained in their use, though this may be an unnecessary extrapolation from the toxicity of purified trichosanthin. This plant can be used to possibly dissolve the protein coat on the RNA of the AIDS virus.^[5]

Chemical components

The plant is a source of the toxic anti-HIV type I ribosome-inactiving lectin trichosanthin.^[1]^[6]

Notes

^ Robinson and Decker-Walters (1997^[2]) p. 203-206: "Chinese snake gourd" preferred name for Trichosanthes kirilowii, and Trichosanthes kirilowii preferred definition for "chinese snake gourd".

References

^ ^a ^b "Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim". NPGS / GRIN. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
^ Robinson RW and DS Decker-Walters. 1997. Appendix: Common Cucurbit Names and their Scientific Equivalents. in: Cucurbits. CAB International, USA.
^ Bensky, D; Clavey S; Stöger E; Gamble A (2004). Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica. Seattle: Eastland Press. pp. 108–111. ISBN 0-939616-42-4.
^ Bensky, D; Clavey S; Stöger E; Gamble A (2004). Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica. Seattle: Eastland Press. pp. 383–386. ISBN 0-939616-42-4.
^ Sui S, Zhao W; Feng D; Sun S; Han T (Feb 2010). "Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica" 42 (2). Shanghai: Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica: 91–7.
^ Ferrari, P.; Trabaud, M. A.; Rommain, M.; Mandine, E.; Zalisz, R.; Desgranges, C.; Smets, P. (1991). "Toxicity and Activity of Purified Trichosanthin". AIDS (London, England) 5 (7): 865–870. doi:10.1097/00002030-199107000-00011. PMID 1892592.

External links

"Trichosanthes kirilowii List of Chemicals". Dr. Duke's Databases. ARS/GRIN.

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English Journal

Trichosanthin enhances anti-tumor immune response in a murine Lewis lung cancer model by boosting the interaction between TSLC1 and CRTAM.

Cai Y, Xiong S, Zheng Y, Luo F, Jiang P, Chu Y.AbstractTrichosanthin (TCS), extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Trichosanthes kirilowi, has shown promise for the inhibition of tumor growth. However, its immunomodulatory effect on tumor-host interaction remains unknown. In this study, we focused on the effect of TCS on murine anti-tumor immune response in the 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma tumor model and explored the possible molecular pathways involved. In addition to inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in the 3LL tumor, TCS retarded tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival more significantly in C57BL/6 immunocompetent mice than in nude mice. This reflected the fact that the host immune system was involved in tumor eradication. Using FACS analysis, we found that TCS increased the percentage of effector T cells, particularly Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from tumor-bearing mice. TCS also promoted the vigorous proliferation of antigen-specific effector T cells, markedly increased Th1 cytokine secretion and elicited more memory T cells in tumor-bearing mice, consequently enhancing the anti-tumor response and inducing immune protection. Furthermore, we found that TCS upregulated the expression of tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1 (TSLC1) in 3LL tumor cells and the expression of its ligand, class I-restricted T cell-associated molecule (CRTAM), in effector T cells. Blocking TSLC1 expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly eliminated the effects of TCS on the proliferation and cytokine secretion of effector T cells, suggesting that TCS enhances anti-tumor immune response at least partially by boosting the interaction between TSLC1 and CRTAM. Collectively, our data demonstrate that TCS not only affects tumor cells directly, but also enhances anti-tumor immunity via the interaction between TSLC1 and CRTAM. These findings may lead to the development of a novel approach for tumor regression.
Cellular & molecular immunology.Cell Mol Immunol.2011 Jul;8(4):359-67. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2011.12. Epub 2011 May 16.
Trichosanthin (TCS), extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Trichosanthes kirilowi, has shown promise for the inhibition of tumor growth. However, its immunomodulatory effect on tumor-host interaction remains unknown. In this study, we focused on the effect of TCS on murine anti-tumor immune resp
PMID 21572449

Identification of novel pregnane X receptor activators from traditional Chinese medicines.

Yu C, Chai X, Yu L, Chen S, Zeng S.SourceDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Centre for Biomedicine and Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2011 Jun 14;136(1):137-43. Epub 2011 Apr 16.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the ability of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their bioactive compounds to activate pregnane X receptor (PXR) signalling pathway.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened ethanol extracts of 28 commonly used TCMs for their capability to induce cytochrome P450 3A4
PMID 21524698

Japanese Journal

Chemical factors influencing the feeding preference of three Aulacophora leaf beetle species (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae)

ABE Makoto,MATSUDA Kazuhiro
Applied entomology and zoology 40(1), 161-168, 2005-02-25
… nigripennis, which is only slightly stimulated to feed by the four cucurbitacins, fed primarily on Trichosanthes kirilowii var. …
NAID 10014474600

Cloning and Bacterial Expression of Karasurins, Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins (RIPs) from Trichosanthes Kirilowii var. Japonica

MIZUKAMI Hajime,IIDA Katsuhisa,OGIHARA Yukio,KONDO Toshiya,YOSHIKAWA Takafumi
Plant biotechnology 18(4), 301-303, 2001-12-01
… A genomic clone encoding a karasurin precursor was isolated from root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii var. …
NAID 10010148362

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Trichosanthes kirilowii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Cucurbitales
Family:	Cucurbitaceae
Genus:	Trichosanthes
Species:	T. kirilowii
Binomial name
	Trichosanthes kirilowii; Maxim.
Synonyms
	Trichosanthes japonica Regel

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ラ: Trichosanthes kirilowii

[chinese_snake_gourd_robinson-3] Robinson and Decker-Walters (1997^[2]) p. 203-206: "Chinese snake gourd" preferred name for Trichosanthes kirilowii, and Trichosanthes kirilowii preferred definition for "chinese snake gourd".

[ars-1] "Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim". NPGS / GRIN. Retrieved 2012-02-26.

[Robinson_and_Decker-Walters_1997-2] Robinson RW and DS Decker-Walters. 1997. Appendix: Common Cucurbit Names and their Scientific Equivalents. in: Cucurbits. CAB International, USA.

[4] Bensky, D; Clavey S; Stöger E; Gamble A (2004). Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica. Seattle: Eastland Press. pp. 108–111. ISBN 0-939616-42-4.

[5] Bensky, D; Clavey S; Stöger E; Gamble A (2004). Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica. Seattle: Eastland Press. pp. 383–386. ISBN 0-939616-42-4.

[6] Sui S, Zhao W; Feng D; Sun S; Han T (Feb 2010). "Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica" 42 (2). Shanghai: Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica: 91–7.

[7] Ferrari, P.; Trabaud, M. A.; Rommain, M.; Mandine, E.; Zalisz, R.; Desgranges, C.; Smets, P. (1991). "Toxicity and Activity of Purified Trichosanthin". AIDS (London, England) 5 (7): 865–870. doi:10.1097/00002030-199107000-00011. PMID 1892592.

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Trichosanthes kirilowii