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WordNet

any of numerous marine fishes whose elongated spiny body can inflate itself with water or air to form a globe; several species contain a potent nerve poison; closely related to spiny puffers (同)pufferfish, blowfish, globefish
puffers (同)family Tetraodontidae

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(また『puffer fish』)フグ / 《幼児語》汽車ポッポ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/19 12:19:49」(JST)

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The Tetraodontiformes are an order of highly derived ray-finned fish, also called the Plectognathi. Sometimes these are classified as a suborder of the Perciformes. The Tetraodontiformes are represented by 10 families and about 360 species overall; most are marine and dwell in and around tropical coral reefs, but a few species are found in freshwater streams and estuaries. They have no close relatives, and descend from a line of coral-dwelling species that emerged around 40 million years ago.

Physical characteristics

Various bizarre forms are included here, all radical departures from the streamlined body plan typical of most fishes. These forms range from nearly square or triangular (boxfishes), globose (pufferfishes) to laterally compressed (filefishes) and triggerfish. They range in size from Rudarius excelsus, measuring just 2 cm (0.79 in) in length, to the ocean sunfish, the largest of all bony fish at up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in length and weighing over 2 tonnes.^[1]

Most members of this order, except for the Balistidae family, are ostraciiforms, meaning the body is rigid and incapable of lateral flexure. Because of this, they are slow-moving and rely on their pectoral, dorsal, anal, and caudal fins for propulsion rather than by body undulation. However, movement is usually quite precise; dorsal and anal fins aid in manoeuvring and stabilizing. In most species, all fins are simple, small, and rounded, except for the pelvic fins which, if present, are fused and buried. Again, in most members, the gill plates are covered over with skin, the only gill opening a small slit above the pectoral fin.

The tetraodontiform strategy seems to be defense at the expense of speed, with all species fortified with scales modified into strong plates or spines — or with tough, leathery skin (the filefishes and ocean sunfish). Another striking defensive attribute found in the pufferfishes and porcupinefishes is the ability to inflate their bodies to greatly increase their normal diameter; this is accomplished by sucking water into a diverticulum of the stomach. Many species of the Tetraodontidae, Triodontidae and Diodontidae are further protected from predation by tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin concentrated in the animals' internal organs.

Long-spine porcupinefish, Diodon holocanthus: On the right is a blue-spotted grouper, Cephalopholis argus.

Tetraodontiforms have highly modified skeletons, with no nasal, parietal, infraorbital, or (usually) lower rib bones. The bones of the jaw are modified and fused into a sort of "beak"; visible sutures divide the beaks into "teeth". This is alluded to in their name, derived from the Greek words tetra meaning "four" and odous meaning "tooth" and the Latin forma meaning "shape". Counting these teeth-like bones is a way of distinguishing similar families, for example, the Tetraodontidae ("four-toothed"), Triodontidae ("three-toothed"), and Diodontidae ("two-toothed").

Their jaws are aided by powerful muscles and many species also have pharyngeal teeth to further process prey items. This is because Tetraodontiformes prey mostly on hard-shelled invertebrates such as crustaceans and shellfish.

The Molidae are conspicuous even within this oddball order; they lack swim bladders and spines, and are propelled by their very tall dorsal and anal fins. The caudal peduncle is absent and the caudal fin is reduced to a stiff rudder-like structure. Molids are pelagic rather than reef-associated and feed on soft-bodied invertebrates, especially jellyfish.

Families

Ocean sunfish

The honeycomb cowfish is part of the Ostraciidae family.

Aracanidae — deepwater boxfishes
Balistidae — triggerfishes
Diodontidae — porcupinefishes
Molidae — ocean sunfishes
Monacanthidae — filefishes
Ostraciidae — boxfishes
Tetraodontidae — pufferfishes
Triacanthidae — triplespines
Triacanthodidae — spikefishes
Triodontidae — the three-toothed puffer

Fossil families

†Bolcabalistidae
†Cretatriacanthidae
†Eoplectidae
†Eospinidae
†Moclaybalistidae
†Plectocretacicidae
†Protobalistidae
†Protriacanthidae
†Spinacanthidae

Timeline of genera

References

^ ^a ^b Keiichi, Matsura & Tyler, James C. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N., ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 230. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.

Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Tetraodontiformes" in FishBase. January 2006 version.
Tree of Life: Tetraodontiformes
Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: p.560. Retrieved 2011-04-21.

English Journal

An evaluation of fossil tip-dating versus node-age calibrations in tetraodontiform fishes (Teleostei: Percomorphaceae).

Arcila D1, Alexander Pyron R2, Tyler JC3, Ortí G2, Betancur-R R4.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.Mol Phylogenet Evol.2015 Jan;82 Pt A:131-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.011. Epub 2014 Oct 24.
Time-calibrated phylogenies based on molecular data provide a framework for comparative studies. Calibration methods to combine fossil information with molecular phylogenies are, however, under active development, often generating disagreement about the best way to incorporate paleontological data i
PMID 25462998

The shortened spinal cord in tetraodontiform fishes.

Uehara M1, Hosaka YZ, Doi H, Sakai H.
Journal of morphology.J Morphol.2014 Nov 12. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20338. [Epub ahead of print]
In teleosts, the spinal cord generally extends along the entire vertebral canal. The Tetraodontiformes, in which the spinal cord is greatly reduced in length with a distinct long filum terminale and cauda equina, have been regarded as an aberration. The aims of this study are: 1) to elucidate whethe
PMID 25388857

Cell-penetrating peptide delivery of biologically active oct4 protein into cultured Takifugu rubripes spermary cells.

Yang XX1, Hou XN, Xu B, Hao X, Jiang GJ, Fan TJ.
Journal of fish biology.J Fish Biol.2014 Nov;85(5):1369-80. doi: 10.1111/jfb.12487. Epub 2014 Sep 8.
Continuous cell culture of a puffer fish Takifugu rubripes has been established for efficient delivery of exogenous genes or proteins to cultured fish cells. Transcription factor oct4 was chosen for transduction into cultured fish cells because of its conserved structure and function between fish an
PMID 25199543

Japanese Journal

メイタイシガキフグの水槽内での産卵と発育

土井啓行,石橋敏章,酒井治己
水産増殖 = Aquaculture science 63(2), 207-212, 2015-06
NAID 40020517167

A new pufferfish of the genus Torquigener that builds "mystery circles" on sandy bottoms in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Actinopterygii: Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae)

Matsuura Keiichi
Ichthyological research : an official journal of the Ichthyological Society of Japan 62(2), 207-212, 2015-02-26
NAID 40020340707

Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes : a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014 (Ichthyology and Indo-Pacific Fish Conferences from the 1980s to the 2010s) -- (REVIEW FOR IPFC9 SPECIAL ISSUE)

Matsuura Keiichi
Ichthyological research : an official journal of the Ichthyological Society of Japan 62(1), 72-113, 2015-01-26
NAID 40020340618

Related Pictures

Tétraodontiformes (Ostraciidae Tetraodontiformes hakkında - NeOlaKi.net Opiniones de Tetraodontiformes Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae | Flickr Tetraodontiformes; Baiacu Tetraodontiformes: Monacanthidae | Flickr Tetraodontiformes — DahmsTierleben.de Tetraodontiformes (Pez Cofre; Pez Soplador

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リンク元	「puffer」「Tetraodontidae」「pufferfish」「フグ目」

「puffer」

Tetraodontiformes; Temporal range: Late Cretaceous–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	American whitespotted filefish, Cantherhines macrocerus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Tetraodontiformes; L. S. Berg, 1940
Families
	See text.

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関: puffer fish、pufferfish、Tetraodontidae、Tetraodontiformes

「Tetraodontidae」

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関: puffer、puffer fish、pufferfish、Tetraodontiformes

「pufferfish」

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フグ

関: fugu、puffer、puffer fish、Tetraodontidae、Tetraodontiformes

「フグ目」

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ラ: Tetraodontiformes
関: フグ、フグ類、フグ科

[EoF-1] Keiichi, Matsura & Tyler, James C. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N., ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 230. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.

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Tetraodontiformes