Tetrahymena pyriformis

テトラヒメナ・ピリフォルミス

WordNet

1. relative of the paramecium; often used in genetics research

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/16 01:52:39」(JST)

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Tetrahymena
Tetrahymena thermophila
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	Alveolata
Phylum:	Ciliophora
Class:	Oligohymenophorea
Order:	Hymenostomatida
Family:	Tetrahymenidae
Genus:	Tetrahymena
Species
T. hegewischi T. hyperangularis T. malaccensis T. pigmentosa T. pyriformis T. thermophila T. vorax

Tetrahymena are free-living ciliate protozoa that can also switch from commensalistic to pathogenic modes of survival. They are common in fresh-water. Tetrahymena species used as model organisms in biomedical research are T. thermophila and T. pyriformis.

Main fields of biomedical research where Tetrahymena cells are used as models

T. thermophila: a model organism in experimental biology

β-tubulin in Tetrahymena.

As a ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila exhibits nuclear dimorphism: two types of cell nuclei. They have a bigger, non-germline macronucleus and a small, germline micronucleus in each cell at the same time and they both carry out different functions with distinct cytological and biological properties. This unique versatility allows scientists to use Tetrahymena to identify several key factors regarding gene expression and genome integrity. In addition, Tetrahymena possess dozens of cilia and has complicated microtubule structures, making it an optimal model to illustrate the diversity and functions of microtubule arrays.

Because Tetrahymena can be grown in a large quantity in the laboratory with ease, it has been a great source for biochemical analysis for years, specifically for enzymatic activities and purification of sub-cellular components. In addition, with the advancement of genetic techniques it has become an excellent model to study the gene function in vivo. The recent sequencing of the macronucleus genome should ensure that Tetrahymena will be continuously used as a model system.

Tetrahymena thermophila can exist in 7 different sexes that can reproduce in 21 different combinations, and a single tetrahymena cannot reproduce sexually with itself.

Studies on Tetrahymena have contributed to several scientific milestones including:

1. First cell which showed synchronized division, which lead to the first insights into the existence of mechanisms which control the cell cycle.
2. Identification and purification of the first cytoskeleton based motor protein such as dynein.
3. Aid in the discovery of lysosomes and peroxisomes.
4. Early molecular identification of somatic genome rearrangement.
5. Discovery of the molecular structure of telomeres, telomerase enzyme, the templating role of telomerase RNA and their roles in cellular senescence and chromosome healing (for which a nobel prize was won).
6. Nobel-prize winning co-discovery (1989, in Chemistry) of catalytic ribonucleic acid(ribozyme).
7. Discovery of the function of histone acetylation.
8. Demonstration of the roles of posttranslational modification such as acetylation and glycylation on tubulins and discovery of the enzymes responsible for some of these modifications (glutamylation)
9. Crystal structure of 40S ribosome in complex with its initiation factor eIF1

References

Further reading

1. Methods in Cell Biology Volume 62: Tetrahymena thermophila, Edited by David J. Asai and James D. Forney. (2000). By Academic Press ISBN 0-12-544164-9

2. Collins, K. and Gorovsky, M.A. (2005). Tetrahymena thermophila Curr Biol. 15: R317-8.

3. Eisen JA, Coyne RS, Wu M, Wu D, Thiagarajan M, et al. (2006) Macronuclear Genome Sequence of the Ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, a Model Eukaryote. PLoS Biol 4(9): e286

External links

• Tetrahymena Genome Database
• Tetrahymena thermophila Genome Project at The Institute for Genomic Research
• Tetrahymena thermophila Genome Sequence Synopsis
• Tetrahymena thermophila genome paper
• Tetrahymena experiments on Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) website

Microbial Digital Specimen Archives: Tetrahymena image gallery

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Microcalorimetry: A powerful and original tool for tracking the toxicity of a xenobiotic on Tetrahymena pyriformis.

• Bricheux G, Bonnet JL, Bohatier J, Morel JP, Morel-Desrosiers N.SourceClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire "Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement", BP10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR6023, LMGE BP80026, F-63171 Aubière, France. Electronic address: genevieve.bricheux@univ-bpclermont.fr.
• Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2013 Dec;98:88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.019. Epub 2013 Oct 20.
• Fighting against water pollution requires the ability to evaluate the toxicity of pollutants such as herbicides. Tetrahymena pyriformis are ubiquitous ciliated protozoans commonly used in ecotoxicological research. Microcalorimetry can be used in many biological investigations as a universal, non-de
• PMID 24148352

• Imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative systems: Toward an understanding of visible light-induced titanium dioxide nanoparticles toxicity.

• Zou XY, Xu B, Yu CP, Zhang HW.SourceInstitute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
• Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2013 Nov;93(10):2451-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.076. Epub 2013 Sep 27.
• The broad application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has resulted in the release of substantial quantities of untreated TiO2 NPs into aquatic systems, which serve as the terminal sink for nanomaterials. These TiO2 NPs may induce some unexpected toxic effects to aquatic systems. The obj
• PMID 24080005

• Cell cycle-dependent modulations of fenestrin expression in Tetrahymena pyriformis.

• Joachimiak E, Kiersnowska M, Jedynak K, Majewska M, Fabczak H, Fabczak S.SourceDepartment of Animal Physiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: ejoachimiak@biol.uw.edu.pl.
• European journal of protistology.Eur J Protistol.2013 Nov;49(4):564-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ejop.2013.05.004. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
• In Tetrahymena, besides apparent cell polarity generated by specialized cortical structures, several proteins display a specific asymmetric distribution suggesting their involvement in the generation and the maintenance of cell polarization. One of these proteins, a membrane skeleton protein called
• PMID 23871645

Japanese Journal

• Quantitative measurement of dynamic flow induced by Tetrahymena pyriformis (T. … pyriformis) using micro-particle image velocimetry

• KIM Jihoon,JANG Yonghee,BYUN Doyoung,KIM Minjun,NAM Seong-Won,PARK Sungsu
• Journal of visualization 14(4), 361-370, 2011-12-01
• NAID 10030161300

• for Benzene Derivatives to Ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis from Their Molecular Descriptors

• FATEMI Mohammad Hossein,MALEKZADEH Hanieh
• Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 83(3), 233-245, 2010-03-15
• NAID 10027172482

• Two-dimensional gravitactic bioconvection in a protozoan (Tetrahymena pyriformis) culture

• Nguyen-Quang Tri,Nguyen The Hung,Guichard Frederic
• Zoological science 26(1), 54-65, 2009-01
• NAID 40016499793

Related Links

• Tetrahymena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tetrahymena are free-living ciliate protozoa that can also switch from commensalistic to pathogenic modes of survival. They are ... Tetrahymena species used as model organisms in biomedical research are T. thermophila and T. pyriformis. ...

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リンク元	「テトラヒメナ・ピリフォルミス」
関連記事	「pyriform」

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Tetrahymena pyriformis

「pyriform」

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piriform