TD50

50%中毒量

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/12 16:00:07」(JST)

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In toxicology, the median toxic dose (TD₅₀) of a drug or toxin is the dose at which toxicity occurs in 50% of cases. The type of toxicity should be specified for this value to have meaning for practical purposes. The median toxic dose encompasses the category of toxicity that is greater than half maximum effective concentration (ED₅₀) but less than the median lethal dose (LD₅₀). However, for some highly potent toxins (ex. lofentanil, botulinum toxin) the difference between the ED50 and TD50 is so minute that the values assigned to them may be approximated to equal doses. Since toxicity need not be lethal, the TD₅₀ is generally lower than the median lethal dose (LD₅₀), and the latter can be considered an upper bound for the former. However, since the toxicity is above the effective limit, the TD₅₀ is generally greater than the ED₅₀. If the result of a study is a toxic effect that does not result in death, it is classified as this form of toxicity. Toxic effects can be defined differently, sometimes considering the therapeutic effect of a substance to be toxic (such as with chemotherapeutics) which can lead to confusion and contention regarding a substance's TD₅₀. Examples of these toxic endpoints include cancer, blindness, anemia, birth defects, etc.

References

• Brunton L L, Blumenthal D K, Murri N, Dandan R H, Knollmann B C. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. ISBN 978-0-07-162442-8.

English Journal

• Abundance of DNA adducts of methyleugenol, a rodent hepatocarcinogen, in human liver samples.

• Herrmann K, Schumacher F, Engst W, Appel KE, Klein K, Zanger UM, Glatt H.SourceGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
• Carcinogenesis.Carcinogenesis.2013 May;34(5):1025-30. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgt013. Epub 2013 Jan 18.
• Methyleugenol is a genotoxic carcinogen in mice and rats, the liver being the primary target tissue. Methyleugenol occurs in fennel and many herbs and spices. Furthermore, methyleugenol-containing plant extracts and chemically prepared methyleugenol are used as flavoring agents. We analyzed surgical
• PMID 23334163

• Anticonvulsant action of indazole.

• Matsumura N, Kikuchi-Utsumi K, Sakamaki K, Watabe M, Aoyama K, Nakaki T.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
• Epilepsy research.Epilepsy Res.2013 May;104(3):203-16. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.11.001. Epub 2012 Dec 5.
• Here we report that indazole is characterized as a potential anticonvulsant, inhibiting pentylenetetrazole-, electroshock- and strychnine-induced convulsions in mice (ED50's: 39.9, 43.2 and 82.4mg/kg, respectively) but not bicuculline- and picrotoxin-induced convulsions. The median toxic dose (TD50)
• PMID 23219048

• Acid shock of Listeria monocytogenes at low environmental temperatures induces prfA, epithelial cell invasion, and lethality towards Caenorhabditis elegans.

• Neuhaus K, Satorhelyi P, Schauer K, Scherer S, Fuchs TM.AbstractBACKGROUND: The saprophytic pathogen Listeria monocytogenes has to cope with a variety of acidic habitats during its life cycle. The impact of low-temperature coupled with pH decrease for global gene expression and subsequent virulence properties, however, has not been elucidated.
• BMC genomics.BMC Genomics.2013 Apr 27;14(1):285. [Epub ahead of print]
• BACKGROUND: The saprophytic pathogen Listeria monocytogenes has to cope with a variety of acidic habitats during its life cycle. The impact of low-temperature coupled with pH decrease for global gene expression and subsequent virulence properties, however, has not been elucidated.RESULTS: qRT-PCR re
• PMID 23622257

Japanese Journal

• 毒性学的懸念の閾値（TTC）を利用した食品中化学物質のリスク評価

• 日本毒性学会学術年会 40.1(0), 2031, 2013
• NAID 130004676805

• 化学物質の短期発がん性スクリーニングの用量設定方法の検討

• 日本毒性学会学術年会 39.1(0), P-231, 2012
• NAID 130005008840

• 低線量全身照射による癌治療 (特集 放射線とアンチエイジング)

• アンチ・エイジング医学 7(5), 699-703, 2011-10
• NAID 40019035469

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