WordNet

cosmopolitan genus of trees and shrubs having odd-pinnate leaves and showy flowers; some species placed in genus Podalyria (同)genus Sophora

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/07 22:53:55」(JST)

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Sophora is a genus of about 45 species of small trees and shrubs in the pea family Fabaceae. The species are native to southeast Europe, southern Asia, Australasia, various Pacific islands, western South America, the western United States,^[3] Florida^[4] and Puerto Rico. The generic name is derived from sophera, an Arabic name for a pea-flowered tree.^[5]

The genus formerly had a broader interpretation including many other species now treated in other genera, notably Styphnolobium (pagoda tree genus), which differs in lacking nitrogen fixing bacteria (rhizobia) on the roots, and Calia (the mescalbeans). Styphnolobium has galactomannans as seed polysaccharide reserve, in contrast Sophora contains arabinogalactans, and Calia amyloid.

The New Zealand Sophora species are known as Kowhai.

The Toromiro (Sophora toromiro) was formerly a common tree in the forests of Easter Island. The tree fell victim to the deforestation that eliminated the island's forests by the 18th century, and later became extinct in the wild. The tree is being reintroduced to the island in a scientific project partly led jointly by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Göteborg Botanical Garden, where the only remaining plants of this species with a documented origin were propagated in the 1960s from seeds collected by Thor Heyerdahl.

Mayo or Mayú (Sophora macrocarpa) is a small tree that inhabits the Chilean Matorral.

Selected species[edit]

Sophora albescens (Rehder) C.Y.Ma
Sophora alopecuroides L. – Sophora Root
Sophora cassioides (Phil.) Sparre – Pelú (Chile)
Sophora chathamica Cockayne – Coastal Kowhai (New Zealand)
Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seem. – Māmane (Hawaii)
Sophora davidii Kom.ex Pavol.^[6]
Sophora fernandeziana (Phil.) Skottsb. (Juan Fernández Islands)
Sophora flavescens Aiton – Ku Shen (Eastern Asia)
Sophora fulvida (Allan) Heenan & de Lange – Waitakere Kowhai (New Zealand)
Sophora godleyi – Godley Kowhai, Papa Kowhai (New Zealand)
Sophora howinsula (Oliv.) P.S.Green
Sophora inhambanensis Klotzsch
Sophora koreensis Nakai
Sophora lehmannii (Bunge) Kuntze
Sophora longicarinata – Kowhai (New Zealand)
Sophora masafuerana (Phil.) Skottsb. (Juan Fernández Islands)
Sophora macrocarpa Sm. – Mayo or Mayú (Chile)
Sophora mangarevaensis H.St.John (French Polynesia)

Sophora microphylla Aiton – Small-leaved Kowhai (New Zealand)
Sophora mollis (Royle) Graham ex Baker
Sophora molloyi – Cook Strait Kowhai (New Zealand)
Sophora moorcroftiana Benth.
Sophora nuttalliana B.L.Turner
Sophora pachycarpa Schrenk ex C.A.Mey.
Sophora prostrata Buchanan – Dwarf Kowhai, Prostrate Kowhai (New Zealand)
Sophora raivavaeensis H.St.John (French Polynesia)
Sophora rapaensis H.St.John (French Polynesia)
Sophora saxicola Proctor (Jamaica)
Sophora tetraptera J.F.Muell. – Large-leaved Kowhai, Taupo Kowhai (New Zealand)
Sophora tomentosa L. – Necklace Pod (Pantropical on coasts)
Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep.
Sophora toromiro Skottsb. – Toromiro (Easter Island)
Sophora velutina Lindl.
Sophora violacea Thwaites
Sophora wightii Baker (India)

Formerly placed here[edit]

Aganope heptaphylla (L.) Polhill (as S. heptaphylla L.)
Ammodendron bifolium (Pall.) Yakovlev (as S. argentea Pall. or S. bifolia Pall.)
Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. (as S. tinctoria L.)
Calia arizonica (S.Watson) Yakovlev (as S. arizonica S.Watson or S. formosa Kearney & Peebles)
Calia secundiflora (Ortega) Yakovlev (as S. secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. ex DC.)
Cladrastis kentukea (Dum. Cours.) Rudd (as S. kentukea Dum. Cours.)
Cladrastis platycarpa (Maxim.) Makino (as S. platycarpa Maxim.)

Cladrastis shikokiana (Makino) Makino (as S. shikokiana Makino)
Cyclopia galioides (P.J.Bergius) DC. (as S. galioides P.J.Bergius)
Styphnolobium affine (Torr. & A.Gray) Walp. (as S. affinis Torr. & A. Gray)
Thermopsis alpina (Pall.) Ledeb. (as S. alpina Pall.)^[7]

References[edit]

^ "Sophora L.". TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
^ "Genus: Sophora L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-11-03. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
^ "PLANTS Profile Sophora nuttalliana B.L. Turner silky sophora". USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
^ "PLANTS Profile Sophora tomentosa L.yellow necklacepod". USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
^ Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants (4 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 356. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
^ cited as S.viciifolia Hance (1903)in Tsong et Ma (1981)Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica p.21
^ "GRIN Species Records of Sophora". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-09.

Heenan P.B, de Lange P.J, Wilton A.D. (2001) "Sophora (Fabaceae) in New Zealand: taxonomy, distribution and biogeography." New Zealand Journal of Botany. 39: 17-53 on line

External links[edit]

Media related to Sophora at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Sophora at Wikispecies

Sophora macrocarpa pictures from Chilebosque

This article on a tree of the Fabaceae family is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

English Journal

Oxysophoridine attenuates the injury caused by acute myocardial infarction in rats through anti‑oxidative, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic pathways.

Meng C1, Liu C2, Liu Y1, Wu F3.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2015 Jan;11(1):527-32. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2748. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
Oxysophoridine (OSR), a natural alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant sophora alopecuroides, can perform a variety of pharmacological actions. The aim of the present study was to assess the cardioprotective effect of OSR against acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats. OSR
PMID 25338622

A new di-C-prenylated coumarin from Sophora interrupta.

Rammohan A1, Munikishore R, Gunasekar D, Deville A, Bodo B.
Natural product research.Nat Prod Res.2015;29(1):82-5. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2014.959010. Epub 2014 Sep 16.
A new di-C-prenylated coumarin, 7-methoxy-6,8-bis-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-coumarin (1), together with seven known compounds, isopimpinellin (2), an arylbenzofuran (3), three flavonoids (4-6), (+)-maackianin (7) and echinoisoflavanone (8), were isolated from the leaves of Sophora interrupta Bed
PMID 25226549

Effect of Sophora flavescens on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in rats.

Shi L1, Dang XL, Liu XY, Wei HM, Yang MM, Zhang Y.
Archives of pharmacal research.Arch Pharm Res.2014 Dec;37(12):1617-23. doi: 10.1007/s12272-014-0375-8. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
Carbamazepine (CBZ), an antiepileptic with narrow therapeutic window, is a substrate of CYP 3A4 which metabolizes CBZ to carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE). CBZE is an active and toxicity metabolite, and it is a substrate of MRP-2. Using CBZ for a long time can cause hepatic injury. Sophora flavesce
PMID 24691829

Japanese Journal

クララエキスの抗アクネ菌特性

日本防菌防黴学会誌 = Journal of Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents 45(3), 119-122, 2017-03
NAID 40021130563

Antibacterial and synergistic effects of the <i>n</i>-BuOH fraction of <i>Sophora flavescens</i> root against oral bacteria

Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｏｒａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ 59(1), 77-86, 2017
NAID 130005519766

Ecological Characteristics and Environmentally Friendly Control Strategies of Pochazia shantungensis (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) in Korea

九州大学大学院農学研究院紀要 61(2), 299-311, 2016-09-01
NAID 120005851002

「ソフォラ属」

Sophora
	S. chrysophylla flowers and leaves
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Sophoreae
Genus:	Sophora; L.
Type species
	Sophora tomentosa; L.
Species
	About 60-70 species; see text:
Synonyms
	Ammothamnus Bunge; Broussonetia Ortega; Cephalostigmaton (Yakovlev) Yakovlev; Echinosophora Nakai; Edwardsia Salisb.; Goebelia Bunge ex Boiss.; Keyserlingia Bunge ex Boiss.; Vexibia Raf.

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ラ: Sophora
関: Sophora属

「Sophora属」

　　[★]

ラ: Sophora
関: ソフォラ属

[1] "Sophora L.". TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2010-01-28.

[GRIN-2] "Genus: Sophora L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-11-03. Retrieved 2009-11-23.

[3] "PLANTS Profile Sophora nuttalliana B.L. Turner silky sophora". USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-20.

[4] "PLANTS Profile Sophora tomentosa L.yellow necklacepod". USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-20.

[5] Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants (4 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 356. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.

[6] ted as S.viciifolia Hance (1903)in Tsong et Ma (1981)Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica p.21

[GRINSpecies-7] "GRIN Species Records of Sophora". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-09.

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案内

案内

Sophora