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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/07 23:08:51」(JST)

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English Journal

20 years of long-term atrazine monitoring in a shallow aquifer in western Germany.

Vonberg D1, Vanderborght J2, Cremer N3, Pütz T4, Herbst M5, Vereecken H6.Author information 1Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Electronic address: david.vonberg@t-online.de.2Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Electronic address: j.vanderborght@fz-juelich.de.3Erftverband, Am Erftverband 6, 50126 Bergheim, Germany. Electronic address: nils.cremer@erftverband.de.4Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Electronic address: t.puetz@fz-juelich.de.5Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Electronic address: m.herbst@fz-juelich.de.6Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Electronic address: h.vereecken@fz-juelich.de.AbstractAtrazine was banned in Germany in 1991 due to findings of atrazine concentrations in ground- and drinking waters exceeding threshold values. Monitoring of atrazine concentrations in the groundwater since then provides information about the resilience of the groundwater quality to changing agricultural practices. In this study, we present results of a monitoring campaign of atrazine concentrations in the Zwischenscholle aquifer. This phreatic aquifer is exposed to intensive agricultural land use and susceptible to contaminants due to a shallow water table. In total 60 observation wells (OWs) have been monitored since 1991, of which 15 are sampled monthly today. Descriptive statistics of monitoring data were derived using the "regression on order statistics" (ROS) data censoring approach, estimating values for nondetects. The monitoring data shows that even 20 years after the ban of atrazine, the groundwater concentrations of sampled OWs remain on a level close to the threshold value of 0.1 μg l(-1) without any considerable decrease. The spatial distribution of atrazine concentrations is highly heterogeneous with OWs exhibiting permanently concentrations above the regulatory threshold on the one hand and OWs were concentrations are mostly below the limit of quantification (LOQ) on the other hand. A deethylatrazine-to-atrazine ratio (DAR) was used to distinguish between diffuse - and point-source contamination, with a global mean value of 0.84 indicating mainly diffuse contamination. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) of the monitoring dataset demonstrated relationships between the metabolite desisopropylatrazine, which was found to be exclusively associated with the parent compound simazine but not with atrazine, and between deethylatrazine, atrazine, nitrate, and the specific electrical conductivity. These parameters indicate agricultural impacts on groundwater quality. The findings presented in this study point at the difficulty to estimate mean concentrations of contamination for entire aquifers and to evaluate groundwater quality based on average parameters. However, analytical data of monthly sampled single observation wells provide adequate information to characterize local contamination and evolutionary trends of pollutant concentration.
Water research.Water Res.2014 Mar 1;50:294-306. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.032. Epub 2013 Oct 24.
Atrazine was banned in Germany in 1991 due to findings of atrazine concentrations in ground- and drinking waters exceeding threshold values. Monitoring of atrazine concentrations in the groundwater since then provides information about the resilience of the groundwater quality to changing agricultur
PMID 24188580

Detection of mandarin in orange juice by single-nucleotide polymorphism qPCR assay.

Aldeguer M, López-Andreo M, A Gabaldón J, Puyet A.Author information Centro Tecnológico Nacional de la Conserva, Molina de Segura, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.AbstractA dual-probe real time PCR (qPCR) DNA-based analysis was devised for the identification of mandarin in orange juice. A single nucleotide polymorphism at the trnL-trnF intergenic region of the chloroplast chromosome was confirmed in nine orange (Citrus sinensis) and thirteen commercial varieties of mandarin, including Citrus reticulata and Citrus unshiu species and a mandarin × tangelo hybrid. Two short minor-groove binding fluorescent probes targeting the polymorphic sequence were used in the dual-probe qPCR, which allowed the detection of both species in single-tube reactions. The similarity of PCR efficiencies allowed a simple estimation of the ratio mandarin/orange in the juice samples, which correlated to the measured difference of threshold cycle values for both probes. The limit of detection of the assay was 5% of mandarin in orange juice, both when the juice was freshly prepared (not from concentrate) or reconstituted from concentrate, which would allow the detection of fraudulently added mandarin juice. The possible use of the dual-probe system for quantitative measurements was also tested on fruit juice mixtures. qPCR data obtained from samples containing equal amounts of mandarin and orange juice revealed that the mandarin target copy number was approximately 2.6-fold higher than in orange juice. The use of a matrix-adapted control as calibrator to compensate the resulting CT bias allowed accurate quantitative measurements to be obtained.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Feb 15;145:1086-91. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Sep 13.
A dual-probe real time PCR (qPCR) DNA-based analysis was devised for the identification of mandarin in orange juice. A single nucleotide polymorphism at the trnL-trnF intergenic region of the chloroplast chromosome was confirmed in nine orange (Citrus sinensis) and thirteen commercial varieties of m
PMID 24128588

Migration of odorous compounds from adhesives used in market samples of food packaging materials by chromatography olfactometry and mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS).

Vera P, Canellas E, Nerín C.Author information Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, CPS, University of Zaragoza, Mª de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: pvera@unizar.es.AbstractAdhesives are commonly used in the manufacture of multilayer food packaging materials. Although they are not in direct contact with the packed food, their compounds may migrate from the adhesive through the substrates to the food. The aim of this work is to determine the migrant concentration in order to evaluate the possible human risk and also to determine if this migration could affect the organoleptic properties of packed food. For this purpose, a total of 12 market samples of multilayer materials (laminates) for packaging dry food (tomatoes, cakes, cookies, breadcrumbs, flour or salt) or fresh food (pizza and pastry) produced with 5 different adhesives were analysed by GC-O-MS. A total of 25 different compounds from adhesives were detected in these laminates. Seventy-six percentage of these compounds migrated into a dry food simulant (Tenax®). Furthermore, compounds with concentrations below the MS detection limit were detected by sniffers with a high modified frequency (MF%). Acetic acid, butyric acid and cyclohexanol with vinegar, cheese and camphor odours were the most abundant compounds. All migration data were below the specific migration limits (SML) and threshold toxicological concern (TTC) recommended values according to the Cramer classification.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Feb 15;145:237-44. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.087. Epub 2013 Jun 28.
Adhesives are commonly used in the manufacture of multilayer food packaging materials. Although they are not in direct contact with the packed food, their compounds may migrate from the adhesive through the substrates to the food. The aim of this work is to determine the migrant concentration in ord
PMID 24128473

Japanese Journal

14aSH-6 CTA計画チェレンコフカメラに向けた半導体光検出器MPPCの性能評価及び較正法の開発(14aSH 光検出器・カウンター,素粒子実験領域)

日高直哉,田島宏康,奥村曉,Williams D. A.,Bouvier A.,他 the CTA Consortium
日本物理学会講演概要集 67(2-1), 26, 2012-08-24
NAID 110009599468

13aSK-6 X線衛星搭載ガンマ線検出器のための低電力集積回路の較正法の確立(13aSK エレクトロニクス,素粒子実験領域)

渋谷明伸,田島宏康,田中孝明,榎戸輝揚,渡辺伸,太田方之,高橋忠幸,一戸悠人,齋藤新也,佐藤有,福山太郎,他 HXI,SGDチーム
日本物理学会講演概要集 67(2-1), 22, 2012-08-24
NAID 110009599454

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