出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/24 07:59:52」(JST)
| Rinne test | |
|---|---|
| Diagnostics | |
| ICD-9-CM | 95.42 |
The Rinne test (pron.: /ˈrɪnə/ RIN-ə) is a hearing test.[1] It compares perception of sounds transmitted by air conduction to those transmitted by bone conduction through the mastoid. Thus, one can quickly screen for the presence of conductive hearing loss.
A Rinne test should always be accompanied by a Weber test to also detect sensorineural hearing loss and thus confirm the nature of hearing loss.
The Rinne test was named after German otologist Heinrich Adolf Rinne (1819-1868);[2][3] the Weber test was named after Ernst Heinrich Weber (1795 – 1878).
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The Rinne test is performed by placing a low frequency (512 Hz) vibrating tuning fork against the patient's mastoid bone and asking the patient to tell you when the sound is no longer heard. Once they signal they can't hear it, quickly position the still vibrating tuning fork 1-2 cm from the auditory canal, and again ask the patient to tell you if they are able to hear the tuning fork.
Normal Hearing: Air conduction should be greater than bone conduction and so the patient should be able to hear the tuning fork next to the pinna after they can no longer hear it when held against the mastoid.
Abnormal Hearing:
The Rinne test is not reliable in distinguishing sensorineural and conductive loss, particularly in mild sensorineural loss. Formal audiometry testing would be required if any abnormal result is presented.
Air conduction uses the apparatus of the ear (pinna, eardrum and ossicles) to amplify and direct the sound whereas bone conduction bypasses some or all of these and allows the sound to be transmitted directly to the inner ear albeit at a reduced volume, or via the bones of the skull to the opposite ear.
| Description | Relative | Positive/negative |
|---|---|---|
| In a normal ear, air conduction (AC) is better than bone conduction (BC) | AC > BC | this is called a positive Rinne |
| In conductive hearing loss, bone conduction is better than air | AC < BC | negative Rinne |
| In sensorineural hearing loss, bone conduction and air conduction are both equally depreciated, maintaining the relative difference of bone and air conductions | AC > BC | positive Rinne |
| In sensorineural hearing loss patients there may be a false negative Rinne | AC < BC | negative Rinne |
Note that the words positive and negative are used in a somewhat confusing fashion here, other than their normal use in medical tests. Positive or negative means that a certain parameter that was evaluated was present or not. In this case, that parameter is if air conduction (AC) is better than bone conduction (BC). Thus, a "positive" result indicates the healthy state, in contrast to many other medical tests. Therefore, if presenting your findings to a physician, to avoid confusing yourself, it may be wise to avoid using the term 'positive' or 'negative', and simply state if the test was normal or abnormal e.g. 'Rinnes test was abnormal in the right ear, with bone conduction greater than air conduction'.
This test and its complement, the Weber test, are quick screening tests and are no replacement for formal audiometry. Recently, its value as a screening test has been questioned.[4]
The effect on the opposite ear, relative to the tuning fork, is reverse to the ear being tested. Here, conduction through the skull to the opposite side is more effective than conduction through room air around the head. Thus, if the normal ear is not masked[clarification needed], bone conduction could be reported as louder by the patient, even if both ears are normal[clarification needed].
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| リンク元 | 「リンネ試験」 |
| 関連記事 | 「testing」「test」 |
手技見え1.54
| 難聴 | 異常の場合 | |
| リンネ試験 | 伝音性難聴 | 陰性：乳様突起で聞こえなくなった後、外耳孔で音叉の音を聴取できない |
| ウェーバー試験 | 伝音性難聴 | 病側で大きく聴取：前額部に当てた音叉の音を感度の上昇した病側の内耳神経が聴取 |
| 感音性難聴 | 健側で大きく聴取：病側では音叉の音を聴取できないため。 |