関: Piroplasmia

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/15 20:22:49」(JST)

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Piroplasms (order Piroplasmida) are protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa.^[1]^[2] They divide by binary fission and as sporozoan parasites they possess sexual and asexual phases (sexual reproduction occurs in the tick gut^[3]). They include the tick parasites Babesia and Theileria.^[4]^[5]

Description[edit]

Minute rounded or pyriform parasites found within erythrocytes, or other circulating or endothelial cells of vertebrates, where they reproduce by merogony. The trophozoite stage separated from erythrocyte by single membrane. This distinguishes them from other blood parasites that usually have at least 2 membranes.

There is an apical complex with polar ring and rhopteries but without a conoid and usually without associated pellicular microtubules. They lack flagella and do not form either oocysts or spores.

The known vectors are ticks or leeches in which they undergo sporogony;

Sexual reproduction probably occurs in the vector.

References[edit]

^ Definition: piroplasmida from Online Medical Dictionary
^ Flora and Fauna of the British Isles
^ Rudzinska et al. (1983) "Sexuality in Piroplasms as Revealed by Electron Microscopy in Babesia microti" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.
^ Definition: Theileriidae from Online Medical Dictionary
^ Theleriosis: The causal organism and life cycle

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English Journal

Epidemiology and molecular phylogeny of Babesia sp. in Little Penguins Eudyptula minor in Australia.

Vanstreels RE1, Woehler EJ2, Ruoppolo V3, Vertigan P4, Carlile N5, Priddel D5, Finger A6, Dann P7, Herrin KV8, Thompson P8, Ferreira Junior FC9, Braga ÉM9, Hurtado R10, Epiphanio S11, Catão-Dias JL1.
International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife.Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl.2015 Mar 25;4(2):198-205. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.03.002. eCollection 2015.
Blood parasites are potential threats to the health of penguins and to their conservation and management. Little penguins Eudyptula minor are native to Australia and New Zealand, and are susceptible to piroplasmids (Babesia), hemosporidians (Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium) and kinetoplastid
PMID 25853053

Development of droplet digital PCR for the detection of Babesia microti and Babesia duncani.

Wilson M1, Glaser KC1, Adams-Fish D1, Boley M1, Mayda M1, Molestina RE2.
Experimental parasitology.Exp Parasitol.2015 Feb;149:24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.12.003. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
Babesia spp. are obligate protozoan parasites of red blood cells. Transmission to humans occurs through bites from infected ticks or blood transfusion. Infections with B. microti account for the majority of the reported cases of human babesiosis in the USA. A lower incidence is caused by the more re
PMID 25500215

Macrophages are the determinant of resistance to and outcome of nonlethal Babesia microti infection in mice.

Terkawi MA1, Cao S1, Herbas MS1, Nishimura M1, Li Y1, Moumouni PF1, Pyarokhil AH2, Kondoh D2, Kitamura N2, Nishikawa Y1, Kato K1, Yokoyama N1, Zhou J3, Suzuki H1, Igarashi I1, Xuan X4.
Infection and immunity.Infect Immun.2015 Jan;83(1):8-16. doi: 10.1128/IAI.02128-14. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
In the present study, we examined the contributions of macrophages to the outcome of infection with Babesia microti, the etiological agent of human and rodent babesiosis, in BALB/c mice. Mice were treated with clodronate liposome at different times during the course of B. microti infection in order
PMID 25312951

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Piroplasmida
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Chromalveolata
Superphylum:	Alveolata
Phylum:	Apicomplexa
Class:	Aconoidasida
Order:	Piroplasmida
Families and Genera
	Anthemosomatidae Anthemosoma; ; Babesiidae Babesia; Echinozoon; Entopolypoides; ; Dactylosomatidae Dactylosoma[1]; Haemohormidium; ; Theileriidae Haematoxenus; Sauroplasma; Theileria; ;