WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
tested and proved useful or correct; "a tested method" (同)tried, well-tried
tested and proved to be reliable (同)time-tested, tried, tried and true

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
testis の複数形

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/08 15:10:26」(JST)

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Transverse section across the wrist and digits. (The median nerve is the yellow dot near the center. The carpal tunnel is not labeled, but the circular structure surrounding the median nerve is visible.)

Phalen's maneuver is a diagnostic test for carpal tunnel syndrome^[1] discovered by an American orthopedist named George S. Phalen.^[2]

Technique[edit]

The patient is asked to hold their wrist in complete and forced flexion (pushing the dorsal surfaces of both hands together) for 30–60 seconds. The lumbricals attach in part to the flexor digitorum profundus tendons. As the wrist flexes, the flexor digitorum profundus contracts in a proximal direction, drawing the lumbricals along with it. In some individuals, the lumbricals can be "dragged" into the carpal tunnel with flexor digitorum profundus contraction. As such, Phalen's maneuver can moderately increase the pressure in the carpal tunnel via this mass effect, pinching the median nerve between the proximal edge of the transverse carpal ligament and the anterior border of the distal end of the radius. By compressing the median nerve within the carpal tunnel, characteristic symptoms (such as burning, tingling or numb sensation over the thumb, index, middle and ring fingers) conveys a positive test result and suggests carpal tunnel syndrome. Because not all individuals will draw the lumbricals into the carpal tunnel with this maneuver, this test cannot be perfectly sensitive or specific for carpal tunnel syndrome.^[3]

Accuracy[edit]

In studies of diagnostic accuracy, the sensitivity of the Phalen's maneuver ranged from 51% to 91% and its specificity from 33% to 88%.^{[citation needed]}

Reverse Phalen's test[edit]

This test is performed by having the patient maintain full wrist and finger extension for two minutes. The reverse Phalen's test significantly increases pressure in the carpal tunnel within 10 seconds of the change in wrist posture and the carpal tunnel pressure has the tendency to increase throughout the test's duration. In contrast, the change in carpal tunnel pressure noted in the standard Phalen's test is modest and plateaus after 20 to 30 seconds.

The average pressure change for Phalen's test at one and two minutes was only 4 mm Hg.^{[citation needed]} The average pressure changes in the carpal tunnel for the reverse Phalen's test were 34 mm Hg at one minute into the test and 42 mm Hg at the two minute point.^{[citation needed]}

The extended wrist posture significantly changes the pressure within the carpal tunnel and may be more useful as a provocative examination maneuver. Reverse Phalen's maneuver results in a significantly higher intracarpal canal hydrostatic pressure as compared to a traditional Phalen's.^[4] This is thought to add to the sensitivity of conventional screening methods.

Comparison[edit]

Phalen's maneuver is more sensitive than Tinel's sign.^[5]

References[edit]

^ "Phalen maneuver" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Sawaya RA, Sakr C (April 2009). "When is the Phalen's test of diagnostic value: an electrophysiologic analysis?". J Clin Neurophysiol 26 (2): 132–3. doi:10.1097/WNP.0b013e31819d8046. PMID 19279501.
^ Urbano, F. (2000). Tinel's sign and Phalen's maneuver: Physical signs of carpal tunnel syndrome. Hospital Physician, Jul, 39-44. (Retrieved 19:15:10 UTC Monday, December 15, 2008
^ Werner R, Bir C, Armstrong T (1994). "Reverse Phalen's maneuver as an aid in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome". Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 75 (7): 783–6. doi:10.1016/0003-9993(94)90010-8. PMID 8024425.
^ Cherian A, Kuruvilla A. 2006. "Electrodiagnostic approach to carpal tunnel syndrome." Ann Indian Acad Neurol 9:177-182.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 手根管症候群の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome
2. 急性の手首の疼痛を有する成人患者の評価 evaluation of the adult with acute wrist pain
3. 亜急性または慢性の手首の疼痛を有する成人の評価 evaluation of the adult with subacute or chronic wrist pain
4. 手根管症候群の治療 treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome
5. 関節リウマチの臨床的特徴 clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis

English Journal

Preliminary studies of chemical immobilization of captive juvenile estuarine (Crocodylus porosus) and Australian freshwater (C. johnstoni) crocodiles with medetomidine and reversal with atipamezole.

Olsson A, Phalen D.SourceWildlife Health and Conservation Centre, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia. boongarry@bigpond.com.au
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.Vet Anaesth Analg.2012 Jul;39(4):345-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x. Epub 2012 May 30.
OBJECTIVE: To establish a safe, reliable and reversible immobilization protocol for captive juvenile crocodiles.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, clinical study.ANIMALS: Thirty male estuarine crocodiles (body mass 1-12.1 kg) and 10 male Australian freshwater crocodiles (body mass 4.1-12.8 kg).M
PMID 22642399

Value of Gilliatt's pneumatic tourniquet test for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Thüngen T, Sadowski M, El Kazzi W, Schuind F.SourceDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Erasme university hospital, 808, route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium. tthungen@ulb.ac.be
Chirurgie de la main.Chir Main.2012 Jun;31(3):152-6. Epub 2012 May 4.
OBJECTIVES: In 1953, Gilliatt and Wilson described the pneumatic-tourniquet test to diagnose the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). It was originally carried out by inflating a brachial cuff at suprasystolic pressure, looking for the appearance of dysesthesiae; several authors later proposed to perform i
PMID 22634329

Japanese Journal

Endoscopic carpal tunnel pressure measurement: a reliable technique for complete release

Hashizume Hiroyuki,Nanba Yoshifumi,Shigeyama Yukio,Hirooka Takahiko,Yokoi Tadashi,Inoue Hajime
Acta Medica Okayama 51(2), 1997-04
… <p>Carpal tunnel syndrome is diagnosed by clinical symptoms, Tinel's sign, Phalen's test and electromyography. …
NAID 120002305479

「テスト」

　　[★]

関: 徴候

Perthes test ペルテステスト：深部静脈の開通状態を検査する試験。下肢静脈瘤の評価に用いられる。
Trendelenburg test トレンデレンブルグテスト：下肢静脈瘤における不全静脈弁の局在を知る検査

循環器内科

Trendelenburg test トレンデレンブルグテスト：大伏在静脈弁不全の有無。下肢静脈瘤の原因検索。仰臥位で下肢を挙上させて表在静脈を虚脱させて大腿上部を圧迫し、そのまま起立させたときに下肢の静脈が拡張すれば、陽性であり大伏在静脈弁不全を示唆。
Schwartz test シュワルツテスト：表在静脈の弁不全の有無。下肢静脈瘤の原因検索。
Perthes test ペルテステスト：下腿穿通枝不全の有無。下肢静脈瘤の原因検索。立位で大腿中央部を駆血帯で圧迫し、1分あるいは5分間歩行あるいは屈伸などの下肢の運動をさせて下肢静脈瘤の変化を観察し、当該肢の静脈血流に関与する静脈弁の機能、交通枝の状況などを判定。

整形外科

Kemp test ケンプテスト：腰椎椎間板ヘルニア：下肢痛がある側への側屈を強制すると下肢痛が誘発される。

Jackson test：頚椎椎間板ヘルニアにおける頚部神経根症の疼痛誘発
Spurling test スパーリングテスト：頚椎椎間板ヘルニアにおける頚部神経根症の疼痛誘発

valgus stress test 外反ストレステスト：内側側副靭帯損傷
varus stress test 内反ストレステスト：外側側副靭帯損傷

apprehension test 脱臼不安感テスト：膝蓋骨亜脱臼

大腿神経伸展テスト femoral nerve stretch test FNST：上位腰椎椎間板ヘルニア(L3-L4)
下肢伸展挙上テスト straight leg raising test SLRT = Lasegue test ラゼーグ試験：下位腰椎椎間板ヘルニア(L4-L5,L5-S1)

Romberg test：下半身からの深部感覚が侵されるときに発現。開眼での閉脚起立が可能、閉眼直後の方向不定の転倒

crossed finger test 指交差テスト：肘部管症候群 SOR.391
elbow flexion test 肘屈曲テスト：肘部管症候群 SOR.391

Patricテストパトリックテスト：股関節を開排位にして疼痛の発現を評価する

Phalen test ファーレンテスト：手根管症候群を診断するための誘発テスト

Eichhoff test アイヒホッフテスト：

= Finkelstein test フィンケルシュタインテスト

impingement test インピンジメントテスト：インピンジメント徴候が局所麻酔薬の肩峰下滑液包内注入により陰性化する場合、インピンジメントテスト陽性という

アキレス腱断裂

Simmondsテスト
Thompsonテスト

腱板断裂

棘上筋テスト
外旋筋力テスト
lift-offテスト
belly pressテスト

股関節脱臼

abduction test 開排テスト：
Barlowテストバーローテスト

半月板損傷

十字靭帯損傷

Lachman test

神経内科

産婦人科

Rubinテストルビンテスト：女性不妊症(卵管因子)の検査。子宮腔に炭酸ガスを注入し卵管の開通性をテストする

「ファーレン徴候」

　　[★]

英: Phalen's sign Phalen sign
同: ファレン徴候、Phalen徴候、wrist flexion test
関: ファレンテスト(ファーレンテスト Phalen test); 筋絞扼症候群

[show details]

ファーレン徴候 : 56 件
ファレン徴候 : 9 件

ファレンテスト陽性は、手根管症候群を示唆する
手関節を強く屈曲位にして1-2分保つと、指のしびれが増強し、正常にすると戻る。

<youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyoMPOqh_YM</youtube>

「ファーレンテスト」

　　[★]

英: Phalen test
同: 手関節屈曲テスト、ファレンテスト
関: ファレン徴候