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any of a group of animal viruses associated with or causing papillomas or polyomas

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/16 16:02:42」(JST)

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A Papovavirus is any member of the former virus family of Papovaviridae.^[1] They are mainly associated with various neoplasms in mammals.^[1] The family of Papovaviridae is no longer used in recent taxonomy, but is split into the Papillomaviridae and the Polyomaviridae.^[2]

The name derives from three abbreviations: Pa for papillomavirus, Po for polyomavirus, and Va for "vacuolating" (simian vacuolating virus 40 or SV40, which is now known to be part of the polyomavirus genus).

Papovaviruses are DNA viruses containing double-stranded DNA, are icosahedral in shape, and do not have a lipoprotein envelope.

They are commonly found in humans and other species, mostly mammals. The one that most often causes disease in humans is the human papillomavirus.

References

^ ^a ^b Page 23a in: Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster, Inc. 2003. ISBN 0-87779-809-5.
^ Polyomaviridae 2004 Stanford University. Referring to the Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses

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1. 中枢神経系病変を有するHIV感染患者に対するアプローチ approach to hiv infected patients with central nervous system lesions
2. 悪性腹膜中皮腫：疫学、危険因子、臨床所見、診断、および病期分類 malignant peritoneal mesothelioma epidemiology risk factors clinical presentation diagnosis and staging

English Journal

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Aksamit AJ Jr.Author information Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. aksamit@mayo.eduAbstractPURPOSE OF REVIEW: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic viral infection of the human CNS that has gained new importance because of AIDS and newer immunosuppressive therapies. It destroys oligodendrocytes, leading to neurologic deficits associated with demyelination.
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.).Continuum (Minneap Minn).2012 Dec;18(6 Infectious Disease):1374-91. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000423852.70641.de.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic viral infection of the human CNS that has gained new importance because of AIDS and newer immunosuppressive therapies. It destroys oligodendrocytes, leading to neurologic deficits associated with demyelination.RE
PMID 23221846

Development and characterization of transgenic mouse models for conditional gene knockout in the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers.

Crouthamel MH1, Kelly EJ, Ho RJ.Author information 1Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195-7610, USA.AbstractFor many CNS acting drugs, penetration into the central nervous system (CNS) is limited by the blood-CNS-barriers. In an effort to quantitate the role of the protein components that make up the blood-CNS-barriers, we created transgenic mice that allow conditional gene knockout using Cre/loxP technology. We targeted the expression of Cre-recombinase to the choroid plexus (the blood-cerebral spinal fluid barrier) using the lymphotropic papovavirus control region (LPVcr) and to brain endothelium (the blood-brain-barrier) using the proximal promoter region of the human von Willebrand Factor gene (hVWF-f). We verified that LPVcr restricts expression to the choroid plexus in adult mice by using the LPVcr to drive n-LacZ expression in transgenic mice. The LPV-Cre and hVWF-Cre plasmids were then constructed and tested for Cre-recombinase function in vitro, and subsequently used to create transgenic mice. The resulting transgenic mice were characterized for cell-type specific Cre-mediated endonuclease activity by crossing them with transgenic mice containing a loxP-flanked-LacZ/EGFP dual reporter gene Z/EG. The dual Cre-Z/EG transgenic offspring were evaluated for the location of EGFP mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase PCR and for protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry for EGFP verified expression in the target cells, and no ectopic expression outside of the expected cell types. The LPV-Cre.0607 transgenic line expressed functional Cre only in the choroid plexus and hVWF-Cre.1304 line in brain endothelium.
Transgenic research.Transgenic Res.2012 Feb;21(1):113-30. doi: 10.1007/s11248-011-9512-z. Epub 2011 May 3.
For many CNS acting drugs, penetration into the central nervous system (CNS) is limited by the blood-CNS-barriers. In an effort to quantitate the role of the protein components that make up the blood-CNS-barriers, we created transgenic mice that allow conditional gene knockout using Cre/loxP technol
PMID 21538071

HIV-associated PML: changing epidemiology and clinical approach.

Simpson DM.Author information Neuro-AIDS Research Program, Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratories, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. david.simpson@mssm.eduAbstractDespite the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, there has not been a dramatic decrease in the frequency of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in the HIV-infected population. Usually a multifocal progressive disease of nonenhancing lesions in white matter, PML can have distinct characteristics in HIV-infected patients, including unifocal static lesions of faint contrast enhancement on imaging and involvement of gray matter. A syndrome of cerebellar degeneration has been described in association with HIV infection in patients positive for JC virus, the papovavirus responsible for PML. The standard of care for HIV-associated PML is HAART to achieve immunologic recovery and optimal HIV virologic control. The prognosis of PML has improved greatly since the advent of HAART.
Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine.Cleve Clin J Med.2011 Nov;78 Suppl 2:S24-7. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.78.s2.06.
Despite the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, there has not been a dramatic decrease in the frequency of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in the HIV-infected population. Usually a multifocal
PMID 22123930

Japanese Journal

パポーバウイルス : ウイルスの分子進化と感染個体内変異

余郷嘉明
ウイルス 52(1), 147-150, 2002-06-01
NAID 10009277305

Remission of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following highly active antiretroviral therapy in a patient with HIV infection

INUI Koji,MIYAGAWA Hiromi,SASHIHARA Junji,MIYOSHI Hiroko,TANAKA-TAYA Keiko,NISHIGAKI Toshinori,TERAOKA Satori,MANO Toshiyuki,ONO Jiro,OKADA Shintaro
Brain & development 21(6), 416-419, 1999-09-01
NAID 10011564535

Virus production ,cell proliferation and cell death in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

SATO-MATSUMURA Kazuko,HAINFEKKNER Johannes A,BUDKA Herbert
Neuropathology : official journal the Japanese Society of Neuropathology 18(2), 206-210, 1998-06-01
NAID 10011559151

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