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any of a group of small parasitic bacteria that lack cell walls and can survive without oxygen; can cause pneumonia and urinary tract infection

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/20 23:15:53」(JST)

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Mycoplasma mycoides is a bacterial species of the genus Mycoplasma in the class Mollicutes. This microorganism is a parasite that lives in ruminants. Mycoplasma mycoides comprises two subspecies, mycoides and capri, which infect cattle and small ruminants such as goats respectively.

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides

The subspecies "Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm)", previously named "Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony (SC) type (MmmSC)", is known as the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a contagious lung disease of cattle. It was first isolated in 1898 by Edmond Nocard et al. and the first mycoplasma to be isolated at all.^[1]^[2]

Formerly, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides was known as Asterococcus mycoides.^[3]

The Mycoplasma mycoides cluster

Mycoplasma mycoides belongs to the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, a group of closely related infectious mycoplasmas, first named by Weisburg et al.^[4]

The cluster sensu stricto contains the genera Mycoplasma mycoides and Mycoplasma capricolum and comprises six species and subspecies:

M. mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype Small Colony (MmmSC)
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype Large Colony (MmmLC)
M. mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc)
M. capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcc)
M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae(Mccp)
Mycoplasma sp. 'bovine group 7' (MBG7)

The last one is disputed with respect to the question of being a separate species.^[5]^[6]

In 2009, L. Manso-Silván et al. proposed to consider M. mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype Large Colony as equal with M. mycoides subsp. capri. Furthermore, they proposed the name Mycoplasma leachii sp. nov. for Mycoplasma sp. 'bovine group 7' as a separate species.^[5]

Minimal genome project

In 2010, as part of the Minimal Genome Project, a team of the J. Craig Venter Institute synthesized a modified version (JCVI-syn1.0 ) of the 1,000,000 base pair M. mycoides genome and implanted it into a DNA-free bacterial shell of Mycoplasma capricolum;^[7] the resulting organism was shown to be self-replicating.^[8]^[9]

In 2016, the Venter Institute used genes from the JCVI-syn1.0 to synthesize an even smaller genome they call JCVI-syn3.0, that contains 531,560 base pairs and 473 genes.^[10] A comparison of these two genomes revealed a common set of 256 genes which the team thinks could represent a minimal set of genes needed for viability.^[10]

References

^ Nocard, E.I.E. & Roux, E.; Le microbe de la péripneumonie; Ann Inst Pasteur 12, 240-262. (Translated as ‘The microbe of pleuropneumonia' in Rev Infect Dis 12, 354-358 (1990))
^ Cheng X; Nicolet J; Poumarat F; Regalla J; et al. (December 1995). "Insertion element IS1296 in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony identifies a European clonal line distinct from African and Australian strains". Microbiology (Reading, Engl.). 141 (Pt 12): 3221–3228. doi:10.1099/13500872-141-12-3221. PMID 8574413.
^ Plackett P; Buttery SH (November 1958). "A galactan from Mycoplasma mycoides". Nature. 182 (4644): 1236–1237. doi:10.1038/1821236a0. PMID 13590288.
^ Weisburg WG, Tully JG, Rose DL, et al. (December 1989). "A phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas: basis for their classification". J. Bacteriol. 171 (12): 6455–67. PMC 210534. PMID 2592342.
^ ^a ^b Manso-Silván L; Vilei EM; Sachse K; Djordjevic SP; et al. (June 2009). "Mycoplasma leachii sp. nov. as a new species designation for Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 of Leach, and reclassification of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC as a serovar of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59 (Pt 6): 1353–1358. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.005546-0. PMID 19502315.
^ Thiaucourt F; Lorenzon S, David A; Breard A (March 2000). "Phylogeny of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster as shown by sequencing of a putative membrane protein gene". Vet. Microbiol. 72 (3–4): 251–268. doi:10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00204-7. PMID 10727835.
^ Bujor, Mara. "World's first genome transplant – a step forward towards creating synthetic life forms". ZME Science.
^ "Sizing up the 'synthetic cell'". Nature. May 2010. doi:10.1038/news.2010.255.
^ Henderson, Mark (May 21, 2010). "Scientists create artificial life in laboratory". The Times. London.
^ ^a ^b First Minimal Synthetic Bacterial Cell. Astrobiology Web. March 24, 2016.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児におけるマイコプラズマ肺炎感染 mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children
2. 成人における肺炎マイコプラズマ感染症 mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in adults
3. 小児および思春期における急性感染性咽頭炎の診断へのアプローチ approach to diagnosis of acute infectious pharyngitis in children and adolescents
4. 成人における市中肺炎に対する診断的アプローチ diagnostic approach to community acquired pneumonia in adults
5. 多形紅斑の病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis of erythema multiforme

English Journal

Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides T1/44, a Vaccine Strain against Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia.

Gourgues G1, Barré A2, Beaudoing E3, Weber J3, Magdelenat G4, Barbe V4, Schieck E5, Jores J6, Vashee S7, Blanchard A1, Lartigue C1, Sirand-Pugnet P8.
Genome announcements.Genome Announc.2016 Apr 14;4(2). pii: e00263-16. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00263-16.
Mycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoidesis the etiologic agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. We report here the complete genome sequence of the strain T1/44, which is widely used as a live vaccine in Africa. Copyright © 2016 Gourgues et al.
PMID 27081135

P19 contributes to Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides adhesion to EBL cells.

Zhou Y1, Wang Y1, Li Y1, Nick N2, Zou X1, Bai F3, Wu J4, Xin J5.
Microbial pathogenesis.Microb Pathog.2016 Apr;93:13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.01.011. Epub 2016 Jan 19.
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). The virulent Mmm Ben-1 strain was isolated from the lung of a CBPP-infected cow in China in the 1950s. To attenuate the virulence of the Ben-1 strain and preserve its protective ability, the
PMID 26806796

Design and synthesis of a minimal bacterial genome.

Hutchison CA 3rd1, Chuang RY1, Noskov VN1, Assad-Garcia N1, Deerinck TJ2, Ellisman MH2, Gill J3, Kannan K3, Karas BJ1, Ma L1, Pelletier JF4, Qi ZQ3, Richter RA1, Strychalski EA4, Sun L1, Suzuki Y1, Tsvetanova B3, Wise KS1, Smith HO5, Glass JI1, Merryman C1, Gibson DG5, Venter JC5.
Science (New York, N.Y.).Science.2016 Mar 25;351(6280):aad6253. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6253.
We used whole-genome design and complete chemical synthesis to minimize the 1079-kilobase pair synthetic genome of Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0. An initial design, based on collective knowledge of molecular biology combined with limited transposon mutagenesis data, failed to produce a viable cell
PMID 27013737

Japanese Journal

子山羊の Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri 感染による多発性関節炎，化膿性気管支肺炎及び化膿性角膜炎を主徴とした伝染性無乳症の3例

日本獣医師会雑誌 = Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 66(8), 539-544, 2013-08-20
NAID 10031189832

子山羊のMycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri感染による多発性関節炎,化膿性気管支肺炎及び化膿性角膜炎を主徴とした伝染性無乳症の3例 (日本獣医師会学会学術誌) -- (産業動物臨床・家畜衛生関連部門)

日本獣医師会雑誌 = Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 66(8), 539-544, 2013-08
NAID 40019782858

M. capricolum subsp. capricolum California kid 株とGM262G株におけるMCS4 RNA遺伝子のマッピング

日本マイコプラズマ学会雑誌 = Japanese Journal of Mycoplasmology 30, 36-37, 2003-10-31
NAID 10029812406

「マイコプラズマ・ミコイデス」

Mycoplasma mycoides
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Tenericutes or; Firmicutes
Class:	Mollicutes
Order:	Mycoplasmatales
Family:	Mycoplasmataceae
Genus:	Mycoplasma
Species:	M. mycoides
Binomial name
	Mycoplasma mycoides; (Borrel et al., 1910) Freundt, 1955

　　[★]

ラ: Mycoplasma mycoides

[1] Nocard, E.I.E. & Roux, E.; Le microbe de la péripneumonie; Ann Inst Pasteur 12, 240-262. (Translated as ‘The microbe of pleuropneumonia' in Rev Infect Dis 12, 354-358 (1990))

[2] Cheng X; Nicolet J; Poumarat F; Regalla J; et al. (December 1995). "Insertion element IS1296 in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony identifies a European clonal line distinct from African and Australian strains". Microbiology (Reading, Engl.). 141 (Pt 12): 3221–3228. doi:10.1099/13500872-141-12-3221. PMID 8574413.

[3] Plackett P; Buttery SH (November 1958). "A galactan from Mycoplasma mycoides". Nature. 182 (4644): 1236–1237. doi:10.1038/1821236a0. PMID 13590288.

[4] Weisburg WG, Tully JG, Rose DL, et al. (December 1989). "A phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas: basis for their classification". J. Bacteriol. 171 (12): 6455–67. PMC 210534. PMID 2592342.

[Manso-Silv.C3.A1n-5] Manso-Silván L; Vilei EM; Sachse K; Djordjevic SP; et al. (June 2009). "Mycoplasma leachii sp. nov. as a new species designation for Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 of Leach, and reclassification of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC as a serovar of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59 (Pt 6): 1353–1358. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.005546-0. PMID 19502315.

[6] Thiaucourt F; Lorenzon S, David A; Breard A (March 2000). "Phylogeny of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster as shown by sequencing of a putative membrane protein gene". Vet. Microbiol. 72 (3–4): 251–268. doi:10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00204-7. PMID 10727835.

[7] Bujor, Mara. "World's first genome transplant – a step forward towards creating synthetic life forms". ZME Science.

[8] "Sizing up the 'synthetic cell'". Nature. May 2010. doi:10.1038/news.2010.255.

[9] Henderson, Mark (May 21, 2010). "Scientists create artificial life in laboratory". The Times. London.

[syn3-10] First Minimal Synthetic Bacterial Cell. Astrobiology Web. March 24, 2016.

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Mycoplasma mycoides