Mycobacterium lepraemurium

マイコプラズマ・レプラムリウム

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/02 22:06:55」(JST)

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Mycobacterium lepraemurium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Actinobacteria
Order:	Actinomycetales
Suborder:	Corynebacterineae
Family:	Mycobacteriaceae
Genus:	Mycobacterium
Species:	M. lepraemurium
Binomial name
Mycobacterium lepraemurium Marchoux and Sorel 1912

Mycobacterium lepraemurium is a causative agent of feline leprosy. It causes granulomatous lesions, characteristic of the Mycobacterium genus.

Description

Gram-positive, nonmotile and strongly acid-fast rods (3-5 µm long). Slightly rounded ends.

Colony characteristics

• Rough nonchromogenic colonies.

Physiology

• Growth on inspissated 1% egg yolk medium at 30°C - 37°C within 4–5 weeks (using large inocula, confined to a concentrated area of the medium, egg white is inhibitory).

Pathogenesis

• Cause of endemic disease of rats in various parts of the world, as well as feline leprosy.
• feline leprosy is transmitted by bites from rats and other cats.
• Disease occurs mainly in the skin and lymph nodes, causing induration, alopecia and eventual ulceration.
• Nodular lesions, involving subcutaneous tissues, may be solitary or multiple and usually confined to the head region or the limbs. Nodules are fleshy and freely movable.
• Surgical excision of the lesions is the preferred treatment.
• Only the densely and uniformly stained forms appear to be infectious for animals, in contrast to the degenerate unevenly stained forms.

• Biosafety level 2

Type strain

None specified due to difficulties in cultivation.

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 小児における結核 tuberculosis disease in children
• 2. 骨格系結核 skeletal tuberculosis
• 3. 結核と眼 tuberculosis and the eye
• 4. 肺外結核および粟粒結核の疫学および病理 epidemiology and pathology of extrapulmonary and miliary tuberculosis
• 5. 結核の皮膚症状 cutaneous manifestations of tuberculosis

English Journal

• Feline cutaneous mycobacteriosis: a review of clinical, pathological and molecular characterization of one case of Mycobacterium microti skin infection and nine cases of feline leprosy syndrome from France and New Caledonia.

• Laprie C1, Duboy J, Malik R, Fyfe J.Author information 1Laboratoire Vet-Histo, 11 bis bd Miremonts, 13008, Marseille, France.AbstractBACKGROUND: Ten cats with skin lesions characteristic of cutaneous mycobacteriosis were included in this retrospective clinical, pathological and molecular study.
• Veterinary dermatology.Vet Dermatol.2013 Dec;24(6):561-e134. doi: 10.1111/vde.12066. Epub 2013 Sep 2.
• BACKGROUND: Ten cats with skin lesions characteristic of cutaneous mycobacteriosis were included in this retrospective clinical, pathological and molecular study.HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the causative agent and to compare the clinicopathological features of these
• PMID 23992348

• The use of the microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) to assess the susceptibility of Mycobacterium lepraemurium to anti-leprosy and other drugs.

• Mendoza-Aguilar M1, Almaguer-Villagrán L, Jiménez-Arellanes A, Arce-Paredes P, Cid-Gutiérrez JL, Rojas-Espinosa O.Author information 1Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Colonia Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.AbstractAlthough murine leprosy is no longer a common illness, our understanding of the biology of this disease is incomplete. One particular example of this concerns the etiologic agent Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM). MLM is a fastidious microorganism that is difficult to grow in axenic media; in a way, this has hampered attempts to thoroughly study its physiological and metabolic characteristics. MLM is an obligate intracellular bacillus that invades macrophages and replicates profusely with a generation time that oscillates between 0.5 and 11 days. In the present study, we have successfully maintained MLM alive for more than 12 days in vitro, providing us with an opportunity to study its susceptibility to several anti-leprosy agents and other drugs. To achieve this, we used a fluorescence reduction assay of alamar blue (a resazurin) in a microplate format (microplate-alamar-blue-assay; MABA), which is a highly sensitive, practical, and inexpensive method for assaying cell viability. We found that MLM was highly susceptible to clofazimine and rifampicin and was less susceptible to streptomycin, thiacetazone, kanamycin, dapsone, and ethionamide, in that order. MLM was not susceptible to four plant triterpenoids (oleanolic acid, neolignan-c, sitosterol, and ursolic acid) for which bactericidal activity has been reported in M. tuberculosis. Because the MABA has high sensitivity, it can be used to monitor the activity of microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate (such as M. lepraemurium), in response to various drugs, thus offering a method to complement the study of murine leprosy, about which many questions remain unanswered.
• Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy.J Infect Chemother.2012 Oct;18(5):652-61. doi: 10.1007/s10156-012-0387-6. Epub 2012 Mar 16.
• Although murine leprosy is no longer a common illness, our understanding of the biology of this disease is incomplete. One particular example of this concerns the etiologic agent Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM). MLM is a fastidious microorganism that is difficult to grow in axenic media; in a way,
• PMID 22422299

• Apoptosis-inducing activity of clofazimine in macrophages.

• Fukutomi Y1, Maeda Y, Makino M.Author information 1Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1, Aoba-cho, Higashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan. fukutomi@nih.go.jpAbstractClofazimine is a riminophenazine compound which has been used for the treatment of leprosy since the 1960s. Although the drug is effective in the management of leprosy reactions because of its anti-inflammatory activity, the mechanism leading to the cessation of inflammation is not well understood. In the present study, it was shown that clofazimine exhibits apoptosis-inducing activity in macrophages. When human monocyte-derived macrophages were cultured in vitro in the presence of clofazimine, the cells exhibited a marked decrease in metabolic activity and showed shrinkage in cell size, indicating cell death. Nuclear condensation and fragmentation were also observed by Giemsa and Hoechst 33248 stains. The endonuclease inhibitor ZnCl(2) inhibited the clofazimine-induced cell death. Significant enhancement of caspase-3 activity was observed in clofazimine-treated macrophages and THP-1 cells. Collectively, these results suggest the apoptosis-inducing activity of clofazimine in macrophages, which may also be responsible for the antibacterial properties of clofazimine.
• Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2011 Sep;55(9):4000-5. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00434-11. Epub 2011 Jun 20.
• Clofazimine is a riminophenazine compound which has been used for the treatment of leprosy since the 1960s. Although the drug is effective in the management of leprosy reactions because of its anti-inflammatory activity, the mechanism leading to the cessation of inflammation is not well understood.
• PMID 21690278

Japanese Journal

• The use of the microplate alamar blue assay (MABA)to assess the susceptibility of Mycobacterium lepraemurium to anti-leprosy and other drugs

• MENDOZA-AGUILAR Melby,ALMAGUER-VILLAGRAN Laura,JIMENEZ-ARELLANES Adelina,ARCE-PAREDES Patricia,CID-GUTIERREZ Jose Luis,ROJAS-ESPINOSA Oscar
• Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy 18(5), 652-661, 2012-10-01
• NAID 10031120721

• 無細胞液体培地における鼠らい菌増殖の必須因子はα-ケトグルタル酸ではなくて培地の至適pH(6.0〜6.2)である

• 中村 昌弘
• 日本ハンセン病学会雑誌 = Japanese journal of leprosy 68(3), 157-163, 1999-11-30
• … Since the success of the multiplication of <I>Mycobacterium lepraemurium</I> … However, recent data now indicate that the critical factor for the growth of <I>M.lepraemurium</I> … The recent experimental results clearly indicated that an abundant multiplication of <I>M.lepraemurium</I> … This finding means that the cells of <I>M.lepraemurium</I> …
• NAID 10008625775

• Mycobacterium lepraemuriumのホスホリパーゼ遺伝子の単離と構造解析

• 前田 伸司,柏原 嘉子
• 日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集 19, 423, 1996-08-01
• NAID 10002915557

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• Mycobacterium lepraemurium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Marchoux and Sorel 1912. Mycobacterium lepraemurium is a causative agent of feline leprosy. It causes granulomatous lesions, characteristic of the Mycobacterium genus. Contents. 1 Description; 2 Pathogenesis; 3 Type strain; 4 References ...

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