メタノサルシナ・バーケリ
WordNet
- someone who stands in front of a show (as at a carnival) and gives a loud colorful sales talk to potential customers
PrepTutorEJDIC
- どなりたてる人,ほえる動物 / 《おもに米》(商店・見世物などの)客引き,呼びこみ
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/28 17:33:23」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Methanosarcina barkeri |
|
| Methanosarcina barkeri fusaro |
| Scientific classification |
| Domain: |
Archaea |
| Kingdom: |
Euryarchaeota |
| Phylum: |
Euryarchaeota |
| Class: |
Methanomicrobia |
| Order: |
Methanosarcinales |
| Family: |
Methanosarcinaceae |
| Genus: |
Methanosarcina |
| Species: |
M. barkeri |
| Binomial name |
Methanosarcina barkeri
Balch et al. 1979 |
Methanosarcina barkeri is the most fundamental species of the genus Methanosarcina, and their properties apply generally to the genus Methanosarcina.[1] Methanosarcina barkeri can produce methane anaerobically through different metabolic pathways. M. barkeri can subsume a variety of molecules for ATP production, including methanol, acetate, methylamines, and different forms of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.[1] Although it is a slow developer and is sentient of change in environmental conditions, M. barkeri is able to grow in a variety of different substrates, adding to its appeal for genetic analysis.[2] Additionally, M barkeri is the first organism in which the amino acid pyrrolysine was found.[3]
Contents
- 1 Location and Structure
- 2 Applications and Importance
- 3 References
- 4 Further reading
Location and Structure
The fusaro strain of M. barkeri was found in mud samples taken from Lake Lago del Fusaro, a freshwater lake near Naples.[2] M. barkeri also lives in the rumen of cattle, where it works in tandem with other microbes to digest polymers.[2] Methanosarcina barkeri can also be found in sewage, landfills, and in other freshwater systems.[2] Methanosarcina barkeri are lobed cocci.[4] They consistently form unorganized clusters, and can grow large enough to be seen by the naked eye.[4] The cells also grow large and spherical, producing a positive Gram strain.[4] M. barkeri has a thick cell wall compounded by a short lipid cell membrane that is similar in structure to most other methanogens.[4] However, its cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.[5] M. barkeri str. fusaro has no flagellum but has potential for movement through the creation of gas vesicles.[4] These gas vesicles have only been produced in the presence of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, likely acting as a response to a hydrogen gradient.[4] M. barkeri’s chromosome is large and circular, derived from its remarkable ability to metabolize a variety of different carbon molecules.[4] This offers the species an advantage as though it is immotile, it can adapt to its environment depending on the energy sources available. M. barkeri’s circular plasmid consists of 26 genes.[4]
Applications and Importance
Methanosarcina barkeri’s unique nature as an anaerobic methanogen that ferments many carbon sources can have many implications for future biotechnology and environmental studies.[1] As M. barkeri is found in the rumen of cows, a place with an extreme dearth of oxygen, it is classified as an extreme anaerobe.[6] Furthermore, the methane gas produced by cows due to M. barkeri could play a role in greenhouse gas production.[6] However, since M. barkeri can survive in extreme conditions and produce methane, M. barkeri can be implemented in low pH ecosystems, effectively neutralizing the acidity environment, and making it more amenable for other methanogens.[6] This, in turn, would allow people to harness the pure methane produced at landfills or through cow waste.[6] Evidently, the implications of M. barkeri are those aligned with potential alternative energy and investment.[6]
References
- ^ a b c Balch, W.E. (1979). "Methanogens:reevaluation of a unique biological group" (PDF). Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 43 (2): 260–96. PMC 281474. PMID 390357.
- ^ a b c d Brill, Jessica. "Methanosarcina barkeri Fusaro, DSM 804". Retrieved 2 June 2014.
- ^ Atkins, John; Gesteland, Ray (24 May 2002). "The 22nd Amino Acid" (PDF). Science Magazine (American Association for the Advancement of Science). 296 Idoi=10.1126/science.1073339. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Maeder, Dennis; Anderson, Iian (November 2006). "The Methanosarcina barkeri Genome: Comparative Analysis with Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanosarcina mazei Reveals Extensive Rearrangement within Methanosarcinal Genomes". Journal of Bacteriology (American Society for Microbiology) 188 (22): 7922–7931. doi:10.1128/JB.00810-06. PMC 1636319. PMID 16980466. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ Kandler, Otto; Hippe, Hans (1977). "Lack of peptidoglycan in the cell walls of Methanosarcina barkeri". Archives of Microbiology (Springer Science) 113 (1-2): 57–60. doi:10.1007/bf00428580. Retrieved 2016-04-25.
- ^ a b c d e Hook, Sarah; McBride, Brian (December 2010). "Methanogens: Methane Producers of the Rumen and Mitigation Strategies". Archea (Hindawi) 2010: 11. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
Further reading
- Rotaru, Amelia-Elena; Shrestha, Pravin Malla; Liu, Fanghua; Markovaite, Beatrice; Chen, Shanshan; Nevin, Kelly P.; Lovley, Derek R. (16 May 2014). "Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer between Geobacter metallireducens and Methanosarcina barkeri". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80 (15): 4599–4605. doi:10.1128/AEM.00895-14.
English Journal
- Methanogens rapidly transition from methane production to iron reduction.
- Sivan O1, Shusta SS2, Valentine DL2.
- Geobiology.Geobiology.2016 Jan 13. doi: 10.1111/gbi.12172. [Epub ahead of print]
- Methanogenesis, the microbial methane (CH4 ) production, is traditionally thought to anchor the mineralization of organic matter as the ultimate respiratory process in deep sediments, despite the presence of oxidized mineral phases, such as iron oxides. This process is carried out by archaea that ha
- PMID 26762691
- Predicting compositions of microbial communities from stoichiometric models with applications for the biogas process.
- Koch S1, Benndorf D2, Fronk K3, Reichl U4, Klamt S1.
- Biotechnology for biofuels.Biotechnol Biofuels.2016 Jan 22;9:17. doi: 10.1186/s13068-016-0429-x. eCollection 2016.
- BACKGROUND: Microbial communities are ubiquitous in nature and play a major role in ecology, medicine, and various industrial processes. In this study, we used stoichiometric metabolic modeling to investigate a community of three species, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Methanococcus maripaludis, and Methan
- PMID 26807149
- A Ferredoxin Disulfide Reductase Delivers Electrons to the Methanosarcina barkeri Class III Ribonucleotide Reductase.
- Wei Y, Li B1, Prakash D2, Ferry JG2, Elliott SJ1, Stubbe J.
- Biochemistry.Biochemistry.2015 Dec 1;54(47):7019-28. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01092. Epub 2015 Nov 19.
- Two subtypes of class III anaerobic ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) studied so far couple the reduction of ribonucleotides to the oxidation of formate, or the oxidation of NADPH via thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Certain methanogenic archaea contain a phylogenetically distinct third subtype
- PMID 26536144
Japanese Journal
- Effect of the surface characteristics of Methanosarcina barkeri on immobilization to support materials
- NOMURA TOSHIYUKI,YOSHIHARA AKINORI,NAGAO TAKANORI,TOKUMOTO HAYATO,KONISHI YASUHIRO
- Advanced powder technology : the international journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 18(5), 489-501, 2007-09-01
- NAID 10019962773
- DNA microarray analysis of anaerobic Methanosarcina barkeri reveals responses to heat shock and air exposure
Related Links
- The Methanosarcina are the only genus of the Methanosarcinaceae family, and of this, Methansoarcina barkeri is considered the representative species. Therefore, comments about M. barkeri can generally be applied to Methanosarcina
- Methanosarcina barkeri is a methanogenic Archaebacterium. Methanogens are organisms that make methane via a unique metabolic pathway with unique enzymes and cofactors. All of the methanogens are ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- ラ
- Methanosarcina barkeri
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メタノサルシナ、タノサルシナ属、Methanosarcina属
- 関
- Methanosarcinaceae、Methanosarcinales