関: marsupial、Marsupialia、metatherian

WordNet

pouched animals (同)subclass Metatheria
of or relating to the marsupials; "marsupial animals"
mammals of which the females have a pouch (the marsupium) containing the teats where the young are fed and carried (同)pouched mammal
coextensive with the subclass Metatheria (同)order Marsupialia
primitive pouched mammals found mainly in Australia and the Americas

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/13 08:38:21」(JST)

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Metatheria is a grouping within the animal class Mammalia. First proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880, it is a slightly more inclusive group than the marsupials; it contains all of the living mammals with abdominal pouches (most female marsupials) as well as all animals more closely related to them than to placental mammals. Some female metatherians, like the shrew opossum, lack a pouch.

The closest relatives of the metatheres are the Eutheria (also erected by Huxley in 1880). Both are conventionally united as infraclasses within the subclass Theria (Parker and Haswell, 1897), which contains all living mammals except monotremes.

During development, metatherians produce a yolk-sac placenta and give birth to "larval-like" offspring. These offspring, which have underdeveloped posterior limbs (the pes can be webbed), migrate to the pouch, where they attach to a nipple. The mouth of newborn metatherians is fused laterally, but opens medially; this forms an O-shaped mouth in which the mother's nipple fits; it then swells to secure the offspring into place for further development and growth.

The combination of the Greek elements meta- and theria in this usage roughly means the "sort-of-beasts" or " behind-beasts", in contrast with Eutheria ("true-beasts").

Evolutionary history[edit]

Though metatherians diverged in the Jurassic period from the ancestors of placentals,^[3]^[4] the earliest known metatherian fossil, Sinodelphys, is from the Lower Cretaceous of China, about 125 million years ago.^[3] The marsupials, the metatherian crown group, diversified shortly after the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.^[5] Some metatherians that may not have been marsupials persisted well into the Neogene Period before becoming extinct. Examples of these include the borhyaenids and herpetotheriids.

References[edit]

^ Hugall, A.F. et al. (2007) Calibration choice, rate smoothing, and the pattern of tetrapod diversification according to the long nuclear gene RAG-1. Syst Biol. 56(4):543-63.
^ Graves JA, Renfree MB (2013) Marsupials in the age of genomics. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet
^ ^a ^b Luo, Zhe-Xi; Yuan, Chong-Xi; Meng, Qing-Jin; Ji, Qiang (2011). "A Jurassic eutherian mammal and divergence of marsupials and placentals". Nature 476: 442–445. doi:10.1038/nature10291. PMID 21866158. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
^ Pyron, R. Alexander (2010). "A likelihood method for assessing molecular divergence time estimates and the placement of fossil calibrations". Systematic Biology 59 (2): 185–194. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syp090. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
^ O'Leary, M.A., Bloch, J.I., Flynn, J.J., Gaudin, T.J., Giallombardo, A., Giannini, N.P., Goldberg, S.L., Kraatz, B.P., Luo, Z.-X., Meng, J., Ni, X., Novacek, M.J.,Perini, F.A., Randall, Z.S., Rougier, G.W., Sargis, E.J., Silcox, M.T., Simmons, N.B., Spaulding, M., Velazco, P.M., Weksler, M., Wible, J.R., and Cirranello, A.L. (2013). "The placental mammal ancestor and the post–K-Pg radiation of placentals". Science 339 (6120) 662–667. doi:10.1126/science.1229237 PMID 23393258

McKenna MC & Bell SK, (1997), Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press.

This article about a mammal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

English Journal

Ecological diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in the Amazon basin. The main scenaries in the Brazilian Amazon.

Coura JR1, Junqueira AC2.
Acta tropica.Acta Trop.2015 Nov;151:51-7. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.029. Epub 2015 Aug 4.
The ecological diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in the Brazilian Amazon region is directly interlinked with the parasite's extensive reservoir, composed of 33 species of wild mammals within the following orders: Marsupialia, Chiroptera, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Carnivora and Primates; and of
PMID 26254002

Landscape ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi in the southern Yucatan Peninsula.

López-Cancino SA1, Tun-Ku E1, De la Cruz-Felix HK1, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN2, Izeta-Alberdi A1, Pech-May A3, Mazariegos-Hidalgo CJ1, Valdez-Tah A4, Ramsey JM5.
Acta tropica.Acta Trop.2015 Nov;151:58-72. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.021. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
Landscape interactions of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) with Triatoma dimidiata (Td) depend on the presence and relative abundance of mammal hosts. This study analyzed a landscape adjacent to the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, composed of conserved areas, crop and farming areas, and the human community of Zoh
PMID 26219998

Marsupial and monotreme serum immunoglobulin binding by proteins A, G and L and anti-kangaroo antibody.

Vaz PK1, Hartley CA2, Browning GF3, Devlin JM4.
Journal of immunological methods.J Immunol Methods.2015 Oct 30. pii: S0022-1759(15)30057-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.10.007. [Epub ahead of print]
Serological studies are often conducted to examine exposure to infectious agents in wildlife populations. However, specific immunological reagents for wildlife species are seldom available and can limit the study of infectious diseases in these animals. This study examined the ability of four commer
PMID 26523413

Japanese Journal

Growth Inhibition and Chromosomal Instability of Cultured Marsupial (Opossum) Cells after Treatment with DNA Polymerase α Inhibitor

Takemura Masaharu,Kazama Tomoko,Sakuma Kurumi [他],MIZUSHINA Yoshiyuki,OSHIMA Teruyoshi
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 75(7), 1349-1353, 2011-07-23
The DNA replication mechanism has been well established for eutherian mammals (placental mammals such as humans, mice, and cattle), but not, to date, for metatherian mammals (marsupials such as kangar …
NAID 10029329383

Vestibular labyrinth diversity in diprotodontian marsupial mammals

Schmelzle Thomas,Sanchez-Villagra Marcelo R.,Maier Wolfgang
Mammal study = The Continuation of the Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan 32(2), 83-97, 2007-12-01
The bony labyrinth of specimens representing eight diprotodontian species were visualized by high-resolution computed tomography. Linear measurements of the labyrinth were taken, e.g., the height and …
NAID 10019587873

Intergeneric relationships among Macropodoidea (Metatheria : Diprotodontia) and the chronicle of kangaroo evolution

BURK A.
Journal of Mammalian Evolution 7, 213-237, 2000
NAID 30012042011

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リンク元	「marsupial」「Marsupialia」「後獣類」「metatherian」

「marsupial」

Metatheria; Temporal range: Late Jurassic – Holocene, 160–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Lycopsis longirostris, an extinct sparassodont, a relative of the marsupials
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Supercohort:	Theria
Infraclass:	Metatheria; Thomas Henry Huxley, 1880
Subgroups
	†Adinodon; †Asiadelphia; †Camptomus?; †Deltatheroida; †Iqualadelphis; †Sinodelphys; †Sparassodonta; Marsupialia;

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後獣類の

関: Metatheria

[1] Hugall, A.F. et al. (2007) Calibration choice, rate smoothing, and the pattern of tetrapod diversification according to the long nuclear gene RAG-1. Syst Biol. 56(4):543-63.

[Graves2013-2] Graves JA, Renfree MB (2013) Marsupials in the age of genomics. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet

[Luoetal2011-3] Luo, Zhe-Xi; Yuan, Chong-Xi; Meng, Qing-Jin; Ji, Qiang (2011). "A Jurassic eutherian mammal and divergence of marsupials and placentals". Nature 476: 442–445. doi:10.1038/nature10291. PMID 21866158. Retrieved 2013-04-29.

[4] Pyron, R. Alexander (2010). "A likelihood method for assessing molecular divergence time estimates and the placement of fossil calibrations". Systematic Biology 59 (2): 185–194. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syp090. Retrieved April 29, 2013.

[plcentalia2013-5] O'Leary, M.A., Bloch, J.I., Flynn, J.J., Gaudin, T.J., Giallombardo, A., Giannini, N.P., Goldberg, S.L., Kraatz, B.P., Luo, Z.-X., Meng, J., Ni, X., Novacek, M.J.,Perini, F.A., Randall, Z.S., Rougier, G.W., Sargis, E.J., Silcox, M.T., Simmons, N.B., Spaulding, M., Velazco, P.M., Weksler, M., Wible, J.R., and Cirranello, A.L. (2013). "The placental mammal ancestor and the post–K-Pg radiation of placentals". Science 339 (6120) 662–667. doi:10.1126/science.1229237 PMID 23393258

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Metatheria