WordNet

Old World herbs: the sweet clovers
erect annual or biennial plant grown extensively especially for hay and soil improvement (同)melilot, sweet clover

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/15 03:49:28」(JST)

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Melilotus, known as melilot, sweet-clover, and kumoniga (from the Cumans),^[2] is a genus in the family Fabaceae. Members are known as common grassland plants and as weeds of cultivated ground. Originally from Europe and Asia, it is now found worldwide.

This legume is commonly named for its sweet smell, which is due to the presence of coumarin in its tissues. Coumarin, though responsible for the sweet smell of hay and newly mowed grass, has a bitter taste, and, as such, possibly acts as a means for the plant to discourage consumption by animals.^[3] Fungi (including Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Mucor^[4]) can convert coumarin into dicoumarol, a toxic anticoagulant. Consequently, dicoumarol may be found in decaying sweet-clover, and was the cause of the so-called sweet-clover disease, recognized in cattle in the 1920s.^[5]

Uses

Melilotus species are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as those of the genus Coleophora, including C. frischella and C. trifolii.

Melilotus, often used as a green manure, can be turned into the soil to increase its nitrogen and organic matter content. It is especially valuable in heavy soils because of its deep rooting. However, it may fail if the soil is too acidic. It should be turned into the soil when 8 to 10 inches tall. Unscarified seed is best sown in spring when the ground is not too dry; scarified seed is better sown in late fall or even in the snow, so it will germinate before competing weeds the following spring.^[6]

Others

Blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea) is not a member of the genus, despite the name.

Species

The genus Melilotus currently has nineteen recognized species:^[7]

Melilotus albus Medik.
Melilotus altissimus Thuill.
Melilotus dentatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Pers.
Melilotus elegans Salzm. ex Ser.
Melilotus hirsutus Lipsky
Melilotus indicus (L.) All.
Melilotus infestus Guss.
Melilotus italicus (L.) Lam.
Melilotus macrocarpus Coss. & Durieu
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.
Melilotus polonicus (L.) Desr.
Melilotus segetalis (Brot.) Ser.
Melilotus siculus (Turra) B. D. Jacks.
Melilotus speciosus Durieu
Melilotus spicatus (Sm.) Breistr.
Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.
Melilotus sulcatus Desf.
Melilotus tauricus (M. Bieb.) Ser.
Melilotus wolgicus Poir.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Woodgate, Katherine; Maxted, Nigel; Bennett, Sarita Jane (1996). "Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes". In Bennett, Sarita Jane; Cocks, Philip Stanley. Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture 33. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 203. ISBN 0-7923-5522-9.
^ Bulgarian Folk Customs, Mercia MacDermott, pg 27
^ "Phytochemicals.info:Coumarin". Retrieved 2011-11-26.
^ Edwards WC, Burrows GE, Tyr RJ: 1984, Toxic plants of Oklahoma:clovers. Okla Vet Med Assoc 36:30-32.
^ Behzad Yamini, Robert H. Poppenga, W. Emmett Braselton, Jr., and Lawrence J. Judge (1995). "Dicoumarol (moldy sweet clover) toxicosis in a group of Holstein calves" (PDF). J Vet Diagn Invest 7:420-422.
^ Five Acres and Independence by M.G. Kains. 1973.
^ "Species Nomenclature in GRIN". Retrieved 2010-08-04.

English Journal

Effects of legume species introduction on vegetation and soil nutrient development on abandoned croplands in a semi-arid environment on the Loess Plateau, China.

Yuan ZQ1, Yu KL2, Epstein H2, Fang C3, Li JT3, Liu QQ3, Liu XW3, Gao WJ3, Li FM4.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2016 Jan 15;541:692-700. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.108. Epub 2015 Oct 3.
Revegetation facilitated by legume species introduction has been used for soil erosion control on the Loess Plateau, China. However, it is still unclear how vegetation and soil resources develop during this restoration process, especially over the longer term. In this study, we investigated the chan
PMID 26439653

Therapeutic Potential of Temperate Forage Legumes: A Review.

Cornara L1, Xiao J2,3, Burlando B4,5.
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.2015 Oct 27:0. [Epub ahead of print]
The discovery of bioactive molecules from botanical sources is an expanding field, preferentially oriented to plants having a tradition of use in medicine and providing high yields and availability. Temperate forage legumes are Fabaceae species that include worldwide-important crops. These plants po
PMID 26507574

Effects of non-native Melilotus albus on pollination and reproduction in two boreal shrubs.

Spellman KV1, Schneller LC2, Mulder CP3, Carlson ML2,4.
Oecologia.Oecologia.2015 Oct;179(2):495-507. doi: 10.1007/s00442-015-3364-9. Epub 2015 Jun 13.
The establishment of abundantly flowered, highly rewarding non-native plant species is expected to have strong consequences for native plants through altered pollination services, particularly in boreal forest where the flowering season is short and the pollinator pool is small. In 18 boreal forest
PMID 26071209

Japanese Journal

ミヤマシジミの帰化植物シロバナシナガワハギ(マメ科シナガワハギ属)への食性転換の可能性について

やどりが (244), 26-30, 2015-04-10
NAID 110009937048

Alien plants collected or confirmed on the islands of Shikotan, Kunashir and Iturup on the 2009–2012 Botanical Expeditions

北海道大学総合博物館研究報告 7, 8-26, 2014-03-31
NAID 120005418106

希少種ミヤマシジミの帰化植物シロバナシナガワハギ(マメ科シナガワハギ属)への産卵に伴う生存率の低下

蝶と蛾 64(1), 10-17, 2013-04-15
NAID 110009603831

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「メリロツス属」「シナガワハギ属」
拡張検索	「Melilotus属」

「メリロツス属」

Melilotus
	Melilotus officinalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Trifolieae
Genus:	Melilotus; L.
Species
	See text
Synonyms
	Brachylobus Dulac (1867); Melilothus Homem. (1819); Meliloti Medik. (1787); Meliotus Steud. (1841); Sertula O. Ktze. (1891)

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ラ: Melilotus
関: シナガワハギ属、Melilotus属

「シナガワハギ属」

　　[★]

ラ: Melilotus
関: Melilotus属、メリロツス属

「Melilotus属」

　　[★]

ラ: Melilotus
関: シナガワハギ属、メリロツス属

[Mediterranean-1] Woodgate, Katherine; Maxted, Nigel; Bennett, Sarita Jane (1996). "Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes". In Bennett, Sarita Jane; Cocks, Philip Stanley. Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture 33. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 203. ISBN 0-7923-5522-9.

[Bulgarian_Folk_Customs_pg_27-2] Bulgarian Folk Customs, Mercia MacDermott, pg 27

[3] "Phytochemicals.info:Coumarin". Retrieved 2011-11-26.

[4] Edwards WC, Burrows GE, Tyr RJ: 1984, Toxic plants of Oklahoma:clovers. Okla Vet Med Assoc 36:30-32.

[5] Behzad Yamini, Robert H. Poppenga, W. Emmett Braselton, Jr., and Lawrence J. Judge (1995). "Dicoumarol (moldy sweet clover) toxicosis in a group of Holstein calves" (PDF). J Vet Diagn Invest 7:420-422.

[6] Five Acres and Independence by M.G. Kains. 1973.

[7] "Species Nomenclature in GRIN". Retrieved 2010-08-04.

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Melilotus