マグネトスピリルム、マグネトスピリラム、グネトスピリルム属、マグネトスピリラム属、Magnetospirillum属
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/08/20 07:41:33」(JST)
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Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum bacteria with black magnetosome chains visible
Magnetospirillum |
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Bacteria |
Phylum: |
Proteobacteria |
Class: |
Alphaproteobacteria |
Order: |
Rhodospirillales |
Family: |
Rhodospirillaceae |
Genus: |
Magnetospirillum |
Species: |
M. bellicus
M. magnetotacticum strain MS-1
M. magneticum strain AMB-1
M. gryphiswaldense
|
Magnetospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic genus of magnetotactic bacterium, first isolated from pond water by the microbiologist R. P. Blakemore in 1975.[1][2] They are characterized by a spirillar, or helical, morphology. and are motile bacteria owing to the presence of a polar flagellum at each end of their cells. Four species have been described: M. magnetotacticum strain MS-1 (originally classified as Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum;[3] M. magneticum strain AMB-1;[4] M. gryphiswaldense[5] and M. bellicus.[6]
The typical habitat of Magnetospirillum species consists of shallow fresh water and sediments, characterized by low concentrations of oxygen for growth (microaerophilic) where they live in the upper portion of the sediment (oxic/anoxic interface) and prefer an oxygen gradient of around 1–3%.
Probably the most peculiar characteristic of Magnetospirillum species is their capacity to orient themselves according to Earth's magnetic field, magnetotaxis. This is achieved through the presence in the bacterium's cytoplasm of special organelles called magnetosomes. Magnetospirillum species also resort to aerotaxis, to remain in favourable O2 concentration conditions. When the bacteria ingest iron, proteins inside their cells interact with it to produce tiny crystals of the mineral magnetite, the most magnetic mineral on Earth.[7]
Purification of magnetosomes is accomplished by use of a magnetic separation column after disruption of the cell membrane. If a detergent is used on purified magnetosomes, they tend to agglomerate rather than staying in chain form. Due to the high quality of the single-domain magnetic crystals, a commercial interest has developed in the bacteria. The crystals are thought to have the potential to produce magnetic tapes and magnetic target drugs.[8]
References
- ^ *Blakemore, Richard (1975). "Magnetotactic bacteria". Science 190 (4212): 377–379. doi:10.1126/science.170679. PMID 170679.
- ^ Maratea, D.; Blakemore, R. P. (1981). "Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum sp. nov., a Magnetic Spirillum". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 31 (4): 452–455. doi:10.1099/00207713-31-4-452.
- ^ "Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1". The Joint Genome Institute. 26 Aug 2010.
- ^ Matsunaga, Tadashi; Sakaguchi, Toshifumi; Tadokoro, Fumihiko; Tadakoro, Fumihiko (1991). "Magnetite formation by a magnetic bacterium capable of growing aerobically". Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35 (5): 651–655. doi:10.1007/bf00169632.
- ^ Schleifer, K. H.; Schuler, D.; Spring, S.; Wiezenegger, M.; Amann, R.; Ludwig, W.; Kohler, M. (1991). "The genus Magnetospirillum gen. nov. description of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense sp. nov. and transfer of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum to Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum comb. nov". Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 14 (4): 379–385. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80313-9.
- ^ Thrash, J. C.; Ahmadi, S.; Torok, T.; Coates, J. D (2010). "Magnetospirillum bellicus sp. nov., a Novel Dissimilatory Perchlorate-Reducing Alphaproteobacterium Isolated from a Bioelectrical Reactor". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76 (14): 4730–4737. doi:10.1128/AEM.00015-10. PMC 2901729. PMID 20495050.
- ^ "Magnetic bacteria may help build future bio-computers". BBC News. 7 May 2012.
- ^ JGI 2010
English Journal
- Iron Response Regulator Protein IrrB in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 Helps Control the Iron/Oxygen Balance, Oxidative Stress Tolerance, and Magnetosome Formation.
- Wang Q1, Wang M2, Wang X2, Guan G2, Li Y3, Peng Y4, Li J2.
- Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2015 Dec 1;81(23):8044-53. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02585-15. Epub 2015 Sep 18.
- Magnetotactic bacteria are capable of forming nanosized, membrane-enclosed magnetosomes under iron-rich and oxygen-limited conditions. The complete genomic sequence of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1 has been analyzed and found to contain five fur homologue genes whose protein products
- PMID 26386052
- Magnetic properties of magnetite synthesized by Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1 cultured with different concentrations of ferric iron.
- Yiriletu1, Iwasa T2,3.
- Biotechnology letters.Biotechnol Lett.2015 Dec;37(12):2427-33. doi: 10.1007/s10529-015-1928-8. Epub 2015 Aug 15.
- OBJECTIVE: To clarify the effect of Fe(3+) concentration on magnetite formation, Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1 was cultured at various initial concentrations of Fe(3+) and the yield and magnetic properties of the cells were investigated.RESULTS: Although total cell yields (g/l) were not depe
- PMID 26276219
- Characterizing and optimizing magnetosome production of Magnetospirillum sp. XM-1 isolated from Xi'an City Moat, China.
- Wang Y1, Lin W1, Li J1, Zhang T1, Li Y2, Tian J2, Gu L3, Heyden YV4, Pan Y5.
- FEMS microbiology letters.FEMS Microbiol Lett.2015 Nov;362(21). pii: fnv167. doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnv167. Epub 2015 Sep 15.
- Pure culture of magnetotactic bacteria is desirable to understand their physiology, evolution and biomineralization. Here, we report a new strain Magnetospirillum sp. XM-1 that was recently isolated and cultivated from the eutrophic city moat of Xi'an, China. Magnetosome biomineralization, crystallo
- PMID 26376913
Japanese Journal
- 2P-185 The effects of cobalt-doping on the magnetosome in Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1
- Yiriyoltu S,Watanabe Shingo,Kutsuzawa Kosei,Iwasa Tatsuo
- 日本生物工学会大会講演要旨集 65, 150, 2013-08-25
- NAID 110009737851
- 1P-002 磁性細菌Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1株のmms7遺伝子の発現制御による磁気微粒子のサイズ調節(遺伝子工学,一般講演)
- Enhanced heterologous protein display on bacterial magnetic particles using a lon protease gene deletion mutant in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1(MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY)
- Kanetsuki Yuka,Tanaka Tsuyoshi,Matsunaga Tadashi [他],Yoshino Tomoko
- Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 116(1), 65-70, 2013-07
- … Bacterial magnetic particles (BacMPs) produced by the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1, are used as magnetic supports or carriers for a variety of biomedical and environmental applications. …
- NAID 110009634747
Related Links
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- References for "Magnetospirillum" online, at universities and in literature... cyclopaedia.net ... Magnetospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic genus of magnetotactic bacterium, first isolated from pond water by the microbiologist R. P. Blakemore in 1975.
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