| Southern pig-tailed macaque[1] |
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| Conservation status |
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Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)[2]
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| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Animalia |
| Phylum: |
Chordata |
| Class: |
Mammalia |
| Order: |
Primates |
| Family: |
Cercopithecidae |
| Genus: |
Macaca |
| Species: |
M. nemestrina |
| Binomial name |
Macaca nemestrina
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
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| Southern Pig-tailed Macaque range |
| Synonyms |
- Macaca broca Miller, 1906
- Macaca carpolegus (Raffles, 1821)
- Macaca fusca (Shaw, 1800)
- Macaca libidinosus I. Geoffroy, 1826
- Macaca longicruris (Link, 1795)
- Macaca maimon (de Blainville, 1839)
- Macaca nucifera Sody, 1936
- Macaca platypygos (Schreber, 1774)
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The southern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) is a medium-sized Old World monkey.
Contents
- 1 Etymology and taxonomy
- 2 Physical description
- 3 Behaviour and ecology
- 4 Habitat and distribution
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Etymology and taxonomy
The species epithet, nemestrina, is an adjective (derived from Latin Nemestrinus, the god of groves) modified to agree in gender with the feminine generic name.[3]
It formerly included the northern pig-tailed, Pagai Island, and Siberut macaques as subspecies.[1]
Physical description
Macaca nemestrina can reach a weight of 5–15 kg in large males. These monkeys are buff-brown with a darker back and lighter lower parts of the body. Their common name refers to the short tail held semi-erect and reminiscent of the tail of a pig.
Macaca nemestrina at Sepilok, Sabah, Malaysia
Behaviour and ecology
They are mainly terrestrial but they also are skilled climbers. Unlike almost all primates they love water. They live in large groups split into smaller groups during the day when they are looking for food. They are omnivorous, feeding mainly on fruits, seeds, berries, cereals, fungi and invertebrates.
There is a hierarchy among males, based on the strength and among females, based on heredity. Thus, the daughter of the dominant female will immediately be placed above all other females in the group. The dominant female leads the group, while the male role is more to manage conflict within the group and to defend it.
Sexual maturity is reached at the age of 3–5 years. Female gestation lasts about 6 months. She will give birth to one infant every two years. Weaning occurs at 4–5 months.
Habitat and distribution
This macaque is mostly found in rainforest up to 2000 meters, but will also enter plantations and gardens.[4]
It is found in the southern half of the Malay Peninsula (only just extending into southernmost Thailand), Borneo, Sumatra and Bangka Island.[1]
References
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Wikispecies has information related to: Macaca nemestrina |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Macaca nemestrina. |
- ^ a b c Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M, eds. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 163. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
- ^ Richardson, M., Mittermeier, R. A., Rylands, A. B. & Konstant, B. (2008). Macaca nemestrina. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
- ^ Fooden, J. (1975). "Taxonomy and evolution of liontail and pigtail macaques (Primates : Cercopithecidae)". Fieldiana Zoology 67: 1–169. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3016.
- ^ Payne, J., and C. M. Francis. 1998. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. ISBN 967-99947-1-6
- Maestripieri D, 1999. Changes in Social Behavior and Their Hormonal Correlates during Pregnancy in Pig-tailed Macaques. International Journal of Primatology 20 : 707-718.
- Rodman PS, 1991. Structural differentiation of microhabitats of sympatricmacaca fascicularis andM. nemestrina in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Journal of Primatology 12 : 357-375.
- Oi T, 1990. Patterns of dominance and affiliation in wild pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina nemestrina) in West Sumatra. International Journal of Primatology 11 : 339-356.
External links
- ARKive - images and movies of the Sunda pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina)
- Macaca nemestrina at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
- Biolib
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Extant species of family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys) (subfamily Cercopithecinae)
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- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Mammalia
- Order: Primates
- Suborder: Haplorrhini
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| Cercopithecini |
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Allenopithecus
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- Allen's swamp monkey (A. nigroviridis)
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Miopithecus
(Talapoins)
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- Angolan talapoin (M. talapoin)
- Gabon talapoin (M. ogouensis)
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Erythrocebus
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Chlorocebus
(Vervet monkeys)
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- Green monkey (C. sabaeus)
- Grivet (C. aethiops)
- Bale Mountains vervet (C. djamdjamensis)
- Tantalus monkey (C. tantalus)
- Vervet monkey (C. pygerythrus)
- Malbrouck (C. cynosuros)
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|
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Cercopithecus
(Guenons)
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- Dryas monkey (C. dryas)
- Diana monkey (C. diana)
- Roloway monkey (C. roloway)
- Greater spot-nosed monkey (C. nictitans)
- Blue monkey (C. mitis)
- Silver monkey (C. doggetti)
- Golden monkey (C. kandti)
- Sykes' monkey (C. albogularis)
- Mona monkey (C. mona)
- Campbell's mona monkey (C. campbelli)
- Lowe's mona monkey (C. lowei)
- Crested mona monkey (C. pogonias)
- Wolf's mona monkey (C. wolfi)
- Dent's mona monkey (C. denti)
- Lesser spot-nosed monkey (C. petaurista)
- White-throated guenon (C. erythrogaster)
- Sclater's guenon (C. sclateri)
- Red-eared guenon (C. erythrotis)
- Moustached guenon (C. cephus)
- Red-tailed monkey (C. ascanius)
- L'Hoest's monkey (C. lhoesti)
- Preuss's monkey (C. preussi)
- Sun-tailed monkey (C. solatus)
- Hamlyn's monkey (C. hamlyni)
- De Brazza's monkey (C. neglectus)
- Lesula (C. lomamiensis)
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| Papionini |
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Macaca
(Macaques)
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- Barbary macaque (M. sylvanus)
- Lion-tailed macaque (M. silenus)
- Southern pig-tailed macaque (M. nemestrina)
- Northern pig-tailed macaque (M. leonina)
- Pagai Island macaque (M. pagensis)
- Siberut macaque (M. siberu)
- Moor macaque (M. maura)
- Booted macaque (M. ochreata)
- Tonkean macaque (M. tonkeana)
- Heck's macaque (M. hecki)
- Gorontalo macaque (M. nigrescens)
- Celebes crested macaque (M. nigra)
- Crab-eating macaque (M. fascicularis)
- Stump-tailed macaque (M. arctoides)
- Rhesus macaque (M. mulatta)
- Formosan rock macaque (M. cyclopis)
- Japanese macaque (M. fuscata)
- Toque macaque (M. sinica)
- Bonnet macaque (M. radiata)
- Assam macaque (M. assamensis)
- Tibetan macaque (M. thibetana)
- Arunachal macaque (M. munzala)
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Lophocebus
(Crested mangabeys)
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- Grey-cheeked mangabey (L. albigena)
- Black crested mangabey (L. aterrimus)
- Opdenbosch's mangabey (L. opdenboschi)
- Uganda mangabey (L. ugandae)
- Johnston's mangabey (L. johnstoni)
- Osman Hill's mangabey (L. osmani)
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Rungwecebus
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Papio
(Baboons)
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- Olive baboon (P. anubis)
- Yellow baboon (P. cynocephalus)
- Hamadryas baboon (P. hamadryas)
- Guinea baboon (P. papio)
- Chacma baboon (P. ursinus)
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Theropithecus
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Cercocebus
(White-eyelid
mangabeys)
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- Sooty mangabey (C. atys)
- Collared mangabey (C. torquatus)
- Agile mangabey (C. agilis)
- Golden-bellied mangabey (C. chrysogaster)
- Tana River mangabey (C. galeritus)
- Sanje mangabey (C. sanjei)
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Mandrillus
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- Mandrill (M. sphinx)
- Drill (M. leucophaeus)
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Category
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