同: CD206

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/21 15:14:24」(JST)

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The mannose receptor is a C-type lectin carbohydrate binding protein primarily present on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells. It also can be found on skin cells such as human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes ^[1]^[2]It involves in the recognition of pathogens and viruses which compromises in immunological recognition and reaction from mannosylated surface in both pathogen and cells in human body. The immunological reaction from mannose receptor also involve in one pathway of the complement system.

The function of this receptor is to recognize complex carbohydrates that are located on glycoproteins that are a part of many different biological processes. Some of those processes include cell–cell recognition, serum glycoprotein turnover, and neutralization of pathogens.^[3] The protein also functions as a type 1 membrane immune receptor that mediates the endocytosis of glycoproteins by macrophages.^[3] The structure of these proteins allows it to bind to high mannose structures on the surface of potentially pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi so that they can be engulfed by the cell.^[3]

Mannose receptors have been researched as a target for vaccines.^[4]

Types[edit]

Humans express two types of mannose receptors, each encoded by its own gene:

Gene	Protein	Aliases
MRC1	Macrophage mannose receptor 1	C-type mannose receptor 1, C-type lectin domain family 13 member D (CLEC13D), CD206, MMR
MRC2	Macrophage mannose receptor 2	C-type mannose receptor 2, Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein, CD280

The MRC1 gene is in close proximity to MRC1L1 and has a gene loci that includes the gene, MRC1L1, as well as LOC340843 and LOC340893.^[3] The gene also consist of nearly two identical regions, some think that they are duplicated regions.^[3] Recombinant proteins produced in yeast may be subject to increased addition of mannose, in patterns different from those of a human cell.^[5] Dendritic cells of the immune system possess a mannose receptor that enables them to take up mannosylated proteins, and utilize fragments of them for antigen presentation.^[6]

Function[edit]

The macrophage mannose receptor also interacts with HIV gp120 envelope protein, allowing uptake of the virus.^[7] These interactions affect gp120 and its ability to bind to the B cells through MRC1 receptors and an increase production of matrix mannose receptors.^[3] The HIV protein Nef interacts with MRC1 by down regulating the receptors on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells. The tat protein represses the transcription of MRC1 promoters by down regulating the expression of MRC1.^[3] All of these proteins interact with MRC1 so that the virus can continue to spread and more research is being conducted trying to understand how stop these interactions from occurring.

References[edit]

^ Szolnoky, G., Bata-CsoÈrgoÈ, Z., Kenderessy, A. S., Kiss, M., Pivarcsi, A., Novák, Z., ... & Kemény, L. (2001). A mannose-binding receptor is expressed on human keratinocytes and mediates killing of Candida albicans. Journal of investigative dermatology, 117(2), 205-213.
^ Sheikh, H., Yarwood, H., Ashworth, A., & Isacke, C. M. (2000). Endo180, an endocytic recycling glycoprotein related to the macrophage mannose receptor is expressed on fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages and functions as a lectin receptor. Journal of cell science, 113(6), 1021-1032.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "MRC1 mannose receptor, C type 1 [Homo sapiens]". Entrez Gene. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
^ Keler T, Ramakrishna V, Fanger M (2004). "Mannose receptor-targeted vaccines". Expert Opin Biol Ther 4 (12): 1953–62. doi:10.1517/14712598.4.12.1953. PMID 15571457.
^ Vlahopoulos S, Gritzapis AD, Perez SA, Cacoullos N, Papamichail M, Baxevanis CN (July 2009). "Mannose addition by yeast Pichia Pastoris on recombinant HER-2 protein inhibits recognition by the monoclonal antibody herceptin". Vaccine 27 (34): 4704–8. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.063. PMID 19520203. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Shimizu K, Fujii S (2008). "An adjuvant role of in situ dendritic cells (DCs) in linking innate and adaptive immunity". Front. Biosci. 13: 6193–201. PMID 18508653.
^ Lai, J.; Bernhard, O. K.; Turville, S. G.; Harman, A. N.; Wilkinson, J.; Cunningham, A. L. (17 December 2008). "Oligomerization of the Macrophage Mannose Receptor Enhances gp120-mediated Binding of HIV-1". Journal of Biological Chemistry 284 (17): 11027–11038. doi:10.1074/jbc.M809698200. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

External links[edit]

mannose receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Macrophage Mannose Receptor

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English Journal

Coordinated control of replication and transcription by a SAPK protects genomic integrity.

Duch A, Felipe-Abrio I, Barroso S, Yaakov G, García-Rubio M, Aguilera A, de Nadal E, Posas F.SourceCell Signaling Unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona E-08003, Spain.
Nature.Nature.2013 Jan 3;493(7430):116-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11675. Epub 2012 Nov 25.
Upon environmental changes or extracellular signals, cells are subjected to marked changes in gene expression. Dealing with high levels of transcription during replication is critical to prevent collisions between the transcription and replication pathways and avoid recombination events. In response
PMID 23178807

The role of CSM3, MRC1, and TOF1 in minisatellite stability and large loop DNA repair during meiosis in yeast.

Leclere AR, Yang JK, Kirkpatrick DT.SourceDepartment of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B.Fungal Genet Biol.2013 Jan;50:33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.10.007. Epub 2012 Nov 17.
Double-stranded break (DSB) repair during meiotic recombination in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to the formation of heteroduplex DNA, a hybrid DNA molecule composed of single strands from two homologous chromosomes. Differences in sequence between the strands within heteroduplex DNA generate
PMID 23165348

Japanese Journal

Chiasmata Promote Monopolar Attachment of Sister Chromatids and Their Co-Segregation toward the Proper Pole during Meiosis I

Hirose Yukinobu,Suzuki Ren,Ohba Tatsunori,Hinohara Yumi,Matsuhara Hirotada,Yoshida Masashi,Itabashi Yuta,Murakami Hiroshi,Yamamoto Ayumu
PLoS Genetics 7(3), e1001329, 2011-03-10
… Furthermore, high time-resolution analysis of centromere dynamics in various types of chiasmate and achiasmate cells, including those lacking the DNA replication checkpoint factor Mrc1 or the meiotic centromere protein Moa1, showed the following three outcomes: (i) during the pre-anaphase stage, the bipolar attachment of sister chromatids occurs irrespective of chiasma formation; …
NAID 120003021843

Multiple Functions of the S-Phase Checkpoint Mediator

Tanaka Katsunori
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 74(12), 2367-2373, 2010-12-23
… The S-phase checkpoint mediator protein Mrc1/Claspin mediates the checkpoint response to replication stress by facilitating phosphorylation of effector kinase by a sensor kinase. …
NAID 10027727602

Genetic variants in mannose receptor gene (MRC1) confer susceptibility to increased risk of sarcoidosis

Hattori Takeshi,Konno Satoshi,Takahashi Ayumu,Isada Akira,Shimizu Kaoruko,Shimizu Kenichi,Taniguchi Natsuko,Gao Peisong,Yamaguchi Etsuro,Hizawa Nobuyuki,Huang Shau-Ku,Nishimura Masaharu
BMC Medical Genetics 11, 151, 2010-10-28
… The aim of this study was to investigate potential associations of genetic variants in the MRC1 gene with sarcoidosis. … Methods: Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), encompassing the MRC1 gene, were genotyped in a total of 605 Japanese consisting of 181 sarcoidosis patients and 424 healthy controls. … Conclusions: These results suggest that MRC1 is an important candidate gene for sarcoidosis. …
NAID 120002646889

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