Lymantria dispar

マイマイガ

WordNet

1. type genus of the Lymantriidae; a pest (Lymantria means `destroyer' (同)genus Lymantria

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/17 04:52:16」(JST)

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Gypsy Moth
Mounted Lymantria dispar dispar male
Mounted Lymantria dispar dispar female
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Erebidae
Genus:	Lymantria
Species:	L. dispar
Binomial name
Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Phalaena dispar Linnaeus, 1758 Ocneria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758) Porthetria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758)

A Lymantria dispar caterpillar

The Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar) are moths in the family Erebidae. Lymantria dispar covers many subspecies, subspecies identification such as L. d. dispar or L. d. japonica leaves no ambiguity in identification. Lymantria dispar subspecies have a range which covers in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America and South America.

Subspecies

Common name	Subspecies	Distribution	Identifying characteristics
North American Gypsy Moth	Lymantria dispar dispar	Eastern North America	Females winged but flightless
European Gypsy Moth	Lymantria dispar dispar	Europe, western Asia and north Africa	Females winged but flightless
Asian Gypsy Moth	Lymantria dispar asiatica	Eastern Asia, western North America	Flying females; attracted to lights
Japanese Gypsy Moth	Lymantria dispar japonica	All of Japan	Large males, very dark brown color

The European Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) is native to temperate forests in western Europe. It had been introduced to Canada in 1912 and in the United States in 1869.

The Asian Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar asiatica) is native to southern Europe, northern Africa, Asia and Pacific. It is spreading to northern Europe (Germany, and other countries), where it hybridized with the European Gypsy Moth. A colony had been reported from Great Britain in 1995.

This moth is an important defoliator on broad-leaf and conifer trees.

Etymology

The order Lepidoptera contains moths and butterflies characterized by having a complete metamorphosis; larvae transform to pupae and then metamorphosing into adult moths or butterflies. The family is Lymantriidae. Lymantriid larvae are commonly called tussock moths because of the tufts of hair on larvae.

The meaning of the name Lymantria dispar is composed of two Latin-derived words. Lymantria means 'destroyer'. The word dispar is derived from the Latin word that means 'to separate' and it depicts the differing characteristics between the sexes.

The North American gypsy moth and the European gypsy moth are of the same species, often listed as Lymantria dispar dispar. Confusion over the species and subspecies, for classification still exists. The U. S. Department of Agriculture defines the Asian gypsy moth as "any biotype of Lymantria dispar possessing female flight capability", despite Lymantria dispar asiatica not being the only classified subspecies that is capable of flight. Traditionally, Lymantria dispar has been referred to as "gypsy moths" even when referring to Japanese, Indian and Asiatic gypsy moths.

References

External links

• asiangypsymoth.org
• Asian Gypsy Moth - Gallery of Pests
• Gypsy moth in Morocco
• About Entomophaga maimaiga
• Species Profile- European Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for European Gypsy Moth.

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 非病原性腸内原虫 nonpathogenic enteric protozoa
• 2. 赤痢アメーバによる腸菅アメーバ症 intestinal entamoeba histolytica amebiasis
• 3. 微生物による食中毒疾患の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of microbial foodborne disease

English Journal

• Effects of host heterogeneity on pathogen diversity and evolution.

• Fleming-Davies AE1,2, Dukic V3, Andreasen V4, Dwyer G1.
• Ecology letters.Ecol Lett.2015 Sep 14. doi: 10.1111/ele.12506. [Epub ahead of print]
• Phenotypic variation is common in most pathogens, yet the mechanisms that maintain this diversity are still poorly understood. We asked whether continuous host variation in susceptibility helps maintain phenotypic variation, using experiments conducted with a baculovirus that infects gypsy moth (Lym
• PMID 26365355

• DNA Barcoding of Gypsy Moths From China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Reveals New Haplotypes and Divergence Patterns Within Gypsy Moth Subspecies.

• Chen F1, Luo Y1, Keena MA2, Wu Y1, Wu P3, Shi J4.
• Journal of economic entomology.J Econ Entomol.2015 Sep 13. pii: tov258. [Epub ahead of print]
• The gypsy moth from Asia (two subspecies) is considered a greater threat to North America than European gypsy moth, because of a broader host range and females being capable of flight. Variation within and among gypsy moths from China (nine locations), one of the native countries of Asian gypsy moth
• PMID 26371156

• Modeling Optimal Strategies for Finding a Resource-Linked, Windborne Odor Plume: Theories, Robotics, and Biomimetic Lessons from Flying Insects.

• Bau J1, Cardé RT2.
• Integrative and comparative biology.Integr Comp Biol.2015 Sep;55(3):461-77. doi: 10.1093/icb/icv036. Epub 2015 May 16.
• Male moths locate females by navigating along her pheromone plume, often flying hundreds of meters en route. As the first male to find a calling female is most apt to be her mate, this can be termed "a race to find the female" and it is assumed to be under strong selective pressure for efficiency an
• PMID 25980569

Japanese Journal

• Using delimiting surveys to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics facilitates the management of an invasive non-native insect

• Tobin Patrick C.,Blackburn Laura M.,Gray Rebecca H. [他]
• Population Ecology 55(4), 545-555, 2013-10
• NAID 40019800837

• Transient expression assay reveals kinetic difference in the proteolytic processing between Dronc proteins from the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar and the silkworm Bombyx mori

• Kitaguchi Koji,Hamajima Rina,Yamada Hayato [他]
• Journal of insect biotechnology and sericology 82(2), 49-54, 2013-06
• NAID 40019826530

• Cloning and characterization of an effector caspase, Ld-caspase-1, from Lymantria dispar Ld652Y cells

• YAMADA Hayato,OKAMOTO Kazunori,KOBAYASHI Michihiro,IKEDA Motoko
• Journal of insect biotechnology and sericology 81(2), 75-83, 2013-04-15
• NAID 10031163352

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