WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre

PrepTutorEJDIC

(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/09 23:28:15」(JST)

wiki en

Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle. They produce testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH). Leydig cells are polyhedral in shape, display a large prominent nucleus, an eosinophilic cytoplasm and numerous lipid-filled vesicles.

Structure

The mammalian Leydig cell is a polyhedral epithelioid cell with a single eccentrically located ovoid nucleus. The nucleus contains one to three prominent nucleoli and large amounts of dark-staining peripheral heterochromatin. The acidophilic cytoplasm usually contains numerous membrane-bound lipid droplets and large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Besides the obvious abundance of SER with scattered patches of rough endoplasmic reticulum, several mitochondria are also prominent within the cytoplasm. Frequently, lipofuscin pigment and rod-shaped crystal-like structures 3 to 20 micrometres in diameter (Reinke crystals) are found. These inclusions have no known function, are found in less than half of all Leydig cell tumors, but serve to clinch the diagnosis of a Leydig cell tumor.^[1]^[2] No other interstitial cell within the testes has a nucleus or cytoplasm with these characteristics, making identification relatively easy.

Development

'Adult'-type Leydig cells differentiate in the post-natal testis and are quiescent until puberty. They are preceded in the testis by a population of 'fetal'-type Leydig cells from the 8th to the 20th week of gestation, which produce enough testosterone for masculinisation of a male fetus.^[3]

Function

Leydig cells release a class of hormones called androgens (19-carbon steroids). They secrete testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), when stimulated by the pituitary hormone luteinizing hormone (LH). LH increases cholesterol desmolase activity (an enzyme associated with the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone), leading to testosterone synthesis and secretion by Leydig cells.

Prolactin (PRL) increases the response of Leydig cells to LH by increasing the number of LH receptors expressed on Leydig cells.

Clinical significance

Micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour. H&E stain.

Leydig cells may grow uncontrollably and form a Leydig cell tumour. These tumours are usually benign. They may be hormonally active, i.e. secrete testosterone.

Adrenomyeloneuropathy is another example of a disease affecting the Leydig cell: the patient's testosterone may fall despite higher-than-normal levels of LH and FSH.

Electrostimulation^{[disambiguation needed]} therapy has been found to induce destruction of Leydig cells.^[4]

History

Etymology

Leydig cells are named after the German anatomist Franz Leydig, who discovered them in 1850.^[5]

Additional images

Section of a genital cord of the testis of a human embryo 3.5 cm. long.
Intermediate magnification micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour. H&E stain.
High magnification micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour. H&E stain.
Cross-section of seminiferous tubules. Arrows indicate location of Leydig cells.

References

^ Al-Agha O, Axiotis C (2007). "An in-depth look at Leydig cell tumor of the testis". Arch Pathol Lab Med 131 (2): 311–7. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[311:AILALC]2.0.CO;2. PMID 17284120.
^ Ramnani, Dharam M (2010-06-11). "Leydig Cell Tumor : Reinke's Crystalloids". Retrieved 2011-11-06.
^ Svechnikov K, Landreh L, Weisser J, Izzo G, Colón E, Svechnikova I, Söder O (2010). "Origin, development and regulation of human Leydig cells". Horm Res Paediatr. 73 (2): 93–101. doi:10.1159/000277141. PMID 20190545.
^ Bomba G, Kowalski IM, Szarek J, Zarzycki D, Pawlicki R. (2001). "The effect of spinal electrostimulation on the testicular structure in rabbit.". Med Sci Monit. 7 (3): 363–8. PMID 11386010.
^ synd/625 at Who Named It?

External links

Histology image: 16907loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
Reproductive Physiology
Diagram at umassmed.edu

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 精巣性索間質腫瘍 testicular sex cord stromal tumors
2. 男性生殖生理学 male reproductive physiology
3. 男性型多毛症の病因と原因 pathogenesis and causes of hirsutism
4. 卵巣の性索間質腫瘍の概要 overview of sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary
5. 卵巣の性索間質腫瘍：セルトリ・間質細胞腫瘍 sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary sertoli stromal cell tumors

English Journal

Testicular expression of SP-A, SP-D and MBL-A is positively regulated by testosterone and modulated by lipopolysaccharide.

Rokade S1, Madan T2.
Immunobiology.Immunobiology.2016 Sep;221(9):975-85. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.05.005. Epub 2016 May 24.
Pattern recognition proteins viz., Surfactant Protein-A (SP-A), Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D) and Mannan Binding Lectin-A (MBL-A) regulate inflammatory immune responses. In view of their plausible contribution to immune privilege in testis, the present study explored their expression and regulation in
PMID 27262512

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibits testosterone level through disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis and ERK-mediated 5α-Reductase 2.

Ha M1, Guan X2, Wei L2, Li P3, Yang M2, Liu C4.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2016 Sep 1;563-564:566-75. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.145. Epub 2016 May 4.
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has reproductive toxicity and can affect male reproductive development. In order to clarify adverse effects of DEHP on testicular physiology and testosterone production, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were dosed daily with DEHP by gavage for 30days; TM3 cells (mouse Leyd
PMID 27155079

Expression analysis and localization of wt1, ad4bp/sf-1 and gata4 in the testis of catfish, Clarias batrachus: Impact of wt1-esiRNA silencing.

Murugananthkumar R1, Senthilkumaran B2.
Molecular and cellular endocrinology.Mol Cell Endocrinol.2016 Aug 15;431:164-76. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.006. Epub 2016 May 10.
In teleosts, a comprehensive role or interaction of wt1, ad4bp/sf-1 and gata4 genes in relation to gonadal development and/or recrudescence was never attempted. Present study aimed to identify the involvement of these genes during testicular development of catfish, Clarias batrachus. Dominant expres
PMID 27173028

Japanese Journal

高齢者に見られた精巣Leydig細胞腫の1例

田口慧,山口千美,高橋さゆり [他]
泌尿器科紀要 57(9), 521-524, 2011-09
… Histopathological diagnosis was Leydig cell tumor. …
NAID 40018993727

Research on the Isolation of Mouse Leydig Cells Using Differential Digestion with a Low Concentration of Collagenase

SUN Jie,ZHONG Liang,ZHU Yingjian,LIU Guohua
The Journal of reproduction and development 57(3), 433-436, 2011-06-01
… The aim of this study was to establish a novel method for isolating and purifying Leydig cells from mice testes. … Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of Leydig cell biomarkers including 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, cholesterol side-chain cleaving enzyme (CYP11A1) and 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1). … It was found that the purity of the isolated Leydig cells was 69.6 ± 4.16%. …
NAID 10029050947

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「女性化乳房」「ライディッヒ細胞」
拡張検索	「Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor」「Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors」「Leydig cell tumor」
関連記事	「cell」

「女性化乳房」

Leydig cell
	Micrograph showing a cluster of Leydig cells (center of image). H&E stain.
	Histological section through testicular parenchyma of a boar. 1 Lumen of convoluted part of the seminiferous tubules, 2 spermatids, 3 spermatocytes, 4 spermatogonia, 5 Sertoli cell, 6 myofibroblasts, 7 Leydig cells, 8 capillaries
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1243
MeSH	Leydig+cells
Dorlands; /Elsevier	12224005
	Anatomical terminology

　　[★]

gyneco mastia
英: gynecomastia
同: 女性化乳房症

病因 (HIM.2318)

1. アンドロゲンの不足→↑estrogen/androgen ratio→女性化乳房

クラインフェルター症候群 Klinefelter syndrome

2. アンドロゲンの不応症？(angrogen insensitivity disorgers
3. エストロゲンの過剰産生

including Sertoli cell tumors in isolation or in association with Peutz-Jegher syndrome or Carney complex
tumors that produce hCG, including some testicular tumors, stimulate Leydig cell estrogen synthesis.