オオムギ属、ホルデウム属、Hordeum属
- 関
- barley、Hordeum vulgare
WordNet
- annual to perennial grasses of temperate northern hemisphere and South America: barley (同)genus Hordeum
- cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain
- a grain of barley (同)barleycorn
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 大麦(ビール・ウイスキー醸造用の麦芽(malt)をとる)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/08/24 10:13:29」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Hordeum |
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| Hordeum vulgare f. distichon |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Plantae |
| (unranked): |
Angiosperms |
| (unranked): |
Monocots |
| (unranked): |
Commelinids |
| Order: |
Poales |
| Family: |
Poaceae |
| Genus: |
Hordeum
L. |
Hordeum is a genus of about 30 species of annual and perennial grasses, native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere, temperate South America, and also South Africa.
One species, H. vulgare (barley), is of major commercial importance as a cereal grain, used as fodder crop and for malting in beer and whiskey production. Some species are nuisance weeds introduced worldwide by human activities others endangered due to habitat loss.
Hordeum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including The Flame, Rustic Shoulder-knot and Setaceous Hebrew Character.
The name comes from the Latin for bristle, and is akin to horror.
Species
The genus Hordeum comprises many species (see much longer list at WikiSpecies entry):
- Hordeum arizonicum
- Hordeum bogdanii
- Hordeum brachyantherum
- H. brachyantherum subsp. brachyantherum
- H. brachyantherum subsp. californicum
- Hordeum brevisubulatum
- H. brevisubulatum subsp. brevisubulatum
- H. brevisubulatum subsp. iranicum
- H. brevisubulatum subsp. nevskianum
- H. brevisubulatum subsp. turkestanicum
- H. brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum
- Hordeum bulbosum
- Hordeum capense
- Hordeum chilense
- Hordeum comosum
- Hordeum cordobense
- Hordeum depressum
- Hordeum erectifolium
- Hordeum euclaston
- Hordeum flexuosum
- Hordeum fuegianum
- Hordeum guatemalense
- Hordeum gussoneanum (sea barley)
- Hordeum intercedens
- Hordeum jubatum (foxtail barley)
- Hordeum lechleri
- Hordeum marinum (sea barley)
- Hordeum murinum (wall barley)
- H. murinum subsp. murinum
- H. murinum subsp. glaucum
- H. murinum subsp. leporinum (hare barley)
- Hordeum muticum
- Hordeum patagonicum
- H. patagonicum subsp. patagonicum
- H. patagonicum subsp. magellanicum
- H. patagonicum subsp. mustersi
- H. patagonicum subsp. santacrucense
- H. patagonicum subsp. setifolium
- Hordeum parodii
- Hordeum procerum
- Hordeum pubiflorum
- H. pubiflorum subsp. pubiflorum
- H. pubiflorum subsp. halophilum
- Hordeum pusillum (little barley)
- Hordeum roshevitzii
- Hordeum secalinum
- Hordeum stenostachys
- Hordeum tetraploidum
- Hordeum vulgare (barley)
- H. vulgare subsp. vulgare (barley)
- H. vulgare f. distichon (two-rowed barley)
- H. vulgare f. hexastichon (six-rowed barley)
- H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum (wild barley)
References
- R. von Bothmer, N. Jacobsen, C. Baden, R. B. Jørgensen & I. Linde-Laursen (1995). An ecogeographical study of the genus Hordeum, 2nd ed.. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome. ISBN 92-9043-229-2. http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/Publications/HTMLPublications/271/index.htm.
- F. R. Blattner (2004). "Phylogenetic analysis of Hordeum (Poaceae) as inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33 (2): 289–299. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.05.012. PMID 15336664. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790304001745.
- F. R. Blattner (2006). "Multiple intercontinental dispersals shaped the distribution area of Hordeum (Poaceae)". New Phytologist 169 (3): 603–614. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01610.x. PMID 16411962. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01610.x.
- F. R. Blattner (2009). "Progress in phylogenetic analysis and a new infrageneric classification of the barley genus Hordeum (Poaceae: Triticeae)". Breeding Science 69 (5): 471–480. doi:10.1270/jsbbs.59.471. http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsbbs/59/5/59_471/_article.
- S. S. Jakob, A. Ihlow & F. R. Blattner (2007). "Combined ecological niche modelling and molecular phylogeography revealed the evolutionary history of Hordeum marinum (Poaceae) — niche differentiation, loss of genetic diversity, and speciation in Mediterranean Quaternary refugia". Molecular Ecology 16 (8): 1713–1727. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03228.x. PMID 17402985. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03228.x.
- S. S. Jakob, E. Martinez-Meyer & F. R. Blattner (2009). "Phylogeographic analyses and paleodistribution modeling indicates Pleistocene in situ survival of Hordeum species (Poaceae) in southern Patagonia without genetic or spatial restriction". Molecular Biology and Evolution 26 (4): 907–923. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp012. PMID 19168565. http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/26/4/907.
- T. Pleines & F. R. Blattner (2008). "Phylogeographic implications of an AFLP phylogeny of the American diploid Hordeum species (Poaceae: Triticeae)". Taxon 57 (3): 875–881. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2008/00000057/00000003/art00016.
External links
- species of Hordeum in "Wildflowers of Israel": Spntaneous Barley, Bulbous Barley, Wall Barley, Hordeum marinum,
- Hordeum hystrix, Hordeum vulgare
- Crop Wild Relatives Gap Analysis Portal reliable information source on where and what to conserve ex-situ, regarding Hordeum genepool
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Barley resources
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| History |
- Domestication
- Neolithic Revolution
- Triticeae
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| Types of barley |
- Genus: Hordeum
- Cultivars: Bere
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| Agronomy |
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| Trade |
- Australian Barley Board
- Canadian Wheat Board
- Corn exchange
- Production by country
- Wheat pool
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| Parts of the plant |
- Bran
- Germ
- Husk
- Kernel
- Gluten
- Straw
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| Basic preparations |
- Milling: Flour (types)
- Groats
- Meal
- Middlings
- Parboiling
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| As an ingredient |
- Barley bread
- Barley honey
- Beer
- Caffè d'orzo
- Irish whiskey
- Japanese whisky
- Malta
- Roasted barley tea
- Scotch whisky
- Talbina
- see also: Category:Barley-based beverages
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| Associated human diseases |
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| Related concepts |
- Bread riot
- Cattle feeding
- Plant breeding
- Refined grains
- Staple food
- Whole grain
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English Journal
- Fungi and the natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
- Piacentini KC1, Savi GD2, Pereira ME2, Scussel VM2.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Nov 15;187:204-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.101. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
- The industrial use of barley grain has experienced continuous growth, mainly due to its economic importance for malt production. From a technological perspective, fungal persistence can reduce product marketability and cause economic losses. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to determi
- PMID 25977017
- Cadmium accumulation in chloroplasts and its impact on chloroplastic processes in barley and maize.
- Lysenko EA1, Klaus AA, Pshybytko NL, Kusnetsov VV.
- Photosynthesis research.Photosynth Res.2015 Aug;125(1-2):291-303. doi: 10.1007/s11120-014-0047-z. Epub 2014 Oct 15.
- Data on cadmium accumulation in chloroplasts of terrestrial plants are scarce and contradictory. We introduced CdSO4 in hydroponic media to the final concentrations 80 and 250 μM and studied the accumulation of Cd in chloroplasts of Hordeum vulgare and Zea mays. Barley accumulated more Cd in the c
- PMID 25315190
- Expression and characterization of a cytosolic glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase isoform from barley (Hordeum vulgare) roots.
- Castiglia D1, Cardi M2, Landi S3, Cafasso D2, Esposito S4.
- Protein expression and purification.Protein Expr Purif.2015 Aug;112:8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.03.016. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
- In plant cells, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH-EC 1.1.1.49) regulates the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP), a metabolic route involved in the production of NADPH for various biosynthetic processes and stress response. In this study, we report the overexpression of a cytosolic G6P
- PMID 25888782
Japanese Journal
- Narrowing the harvest: Increasing sickle investment and the rise of domesticated cereal agriculture in the Fertile Crescent
- Barley NARROW LEAFED DWARF1 encoding a WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 3 (WOX3) regulates the marginal development of lateral organs
- Barley NARROW LEAFED DWARF1 encoding a WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 3 (WOX3) regulates the marginal development of lateral organs
Related Links
- オオムギ属（大麦属、学名:Hordeum）は、北半球と南米の温帯および南アフリカに広く 分布する一年草ないし多年草のイネ科植物である。 オオムギ属の種の中でオオムギ（ 大麦、学名:H. vulgare）は重要な商品作物であり、家畜の飼料、ビール・ウイスキー・ 焼酎 ...
- Hordeum is a genus of about 30 species of annual and perennial grasses, native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere, temperate South America, and also South Africa. One species, H. vulgare (barley), is of major commercial ...
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オオムギ
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